Regulation of Genes Encoding Chloroplast Antioxidant Enzymes in Comparison to Regulation of the Extra-plastidic Antioxidant Defense System

Baier, Margarete; Pitsch, Nicola T; Mellenthin, Marina; Wei, Guo

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9404-9_13

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 264 publications

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“…All, except the thylakoid peroxidase PrxQ, are encoded by small gene families and have, besides PrxQ and the 2CPs, also non-chloroplast isoforms. Stronger than the cytosolic isoforms, the chloroplast ones are prone to oxidative inactivation (Baier et al, 2010 ). The instability requires a constant supply of de novo synthesized proteins (Muthuramalingam et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The key enzymes are Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Csd2), stromal and thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidases (sAPx and tAPx), 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (2CPA and 2CPB), peroxiredoxin-II-E (PrxIIE), peroxiredoxin Q (PrxQ), glutathione peroxidases (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and mono- and dehydroascorbate reductases (MDHAR and DHAR). These enzymes are interconnected by low molecular weight antioxidants such as ascorbate and glutathione, and redox proteins, such as thioredoxins and glutaredoxins (Baier et al, 2010 ). Csd2 converts O

in the vicinity of thylakoids into H 2 O 2 and O 2 (Bowler et al, 1994 ; Rizhsky et al, 2003 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PAS is a network of enzymes with overlapping functions (Asada, 2000 ; Baier et al, 2010 ). Based on the observation by Maruta et al ( 2012 ) that CBF1 and the CBF-regulon can be induced in response to insufficient plastid peroxidase activity, we analyzed the same series of 10 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions as in Zuther et al ( 2015 ) before (NA) and 0 (ACC), 1, 2, and 3 days after a 2-week period at 4°C (DEACC1–DEACC3) for regulation of the most prominent genes for PAS enzymes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Variation of Cold Deacclimation Correlates with Variation of Cold-Acclimation of the Plastid Antioxidant System in Arabidopsis thaliana Accessions

et al. 2016

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Temperature variations impact on the balance between photosynthetic electron transport and electron-consuming assimilation reactions and transiently increase generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous studies demonstrated that the expression of C-repeat binding factors (CBFs), which activate cold acclimation reactions, respond to chloroplast ROS signals and that cold deacclimation is partly halted for days after the transfer of acclimated plants to optimal growth conditions in four Arabidopsis accessions from cold-continental habitats. We hypothesized that these accessions differ from others in the regulation of the plastid antioxidant system (PAS). In the present study, we compared the expression intensity of the 12 most prominent PAS genes for peroxidases, superoxide dismutase and low molecular weight antioxidant regenerating enzymes in 10 Arabidopsis accessions with regulation of CBF and COR (cold regulated genes) transcript levels and cold-regulated metabolite levels prior to cold, after 2 week long cold acclimation and during the first 3 days of deacclimation. In the accessions with prolonged activation of cold responses, by trend, weaker induction of various cold-inducible PAS genes and stronger decreases in the expression of negatively cold-regulated PAS genes were observed. Low PAS gene expression delayed the post-cold decrease in H2O2 levels after transfer of the plants from cold to optimal growth conditions. We conclude that weaker expression of various PAS genes in the cold is an adapted strategy of the Arabidopsis accessions N14, N13, Ms-0, and Kas-1 to avoid full inactivation of cold-responses in the first days after the end of the cold period.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

in the vicinity of thylakoids into H 2 O 2 and O 2 (Bowler et al, 1994 ; Rizhsky et al, 2003 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Variation of Cold Deacclimation Correlates with Variation of Cold-Acclimation of the Plastid Antioxidant System in Arabidopsis thaliana Accessions

et al. 2016

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“…ROS accumulation in cpr1 mutants (Figure 6 ) disturbs cell development (Han et al, 2015 ; Figure 1 ) and contributes to protein oxidation (Heiber et al, 2007 ). ROS damage of PAS enzymes (Heiber et al, 2007 ; Baier et al, 2010 ), further increases ROS accumulation (Figure 6 ) until ROS levels reach a threshold that will activate defense signaling (Figures 5B , 6B ). As a side-effect of these processes, the expression of a wider set of genes for plastid proteins becomes disregulated (Figures 7 , 8 ), and H 2 O 2 accumulates throughout the rosettes in older cpr1-4 mutants (Figure 6B —42 day old plants).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is highly expressed in young mesophyll cells and responds to photosynthetic redox signals (Baier et al, 2004 ) via the AP2-type transcription factor RAP2.4a (Shaikhali et al, 2008 ) and the transcription factor-interacting protein RCD1 (Hiltscher et al, 2014 ). In the PAS, 2CPA is accompanied by other peroxidases and superoxide dismutases and low molecular weight antioxidants (Foyer et al, 1994 ; Asada, 2000 ; Baier et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Plant Immunity Regulating F-Box Protein CPR1 Supports Plastid Function in Absence of Pathogens

et al. 2017

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The redox imbalanced 6 mutant (rimb6) of Arabidopsis thaliana was isolated in a genetic screening approach for mutants with defects in chloroplast-to-nucleus redox signaling. It has an atypically low activation status of the 2-Cys peroxiredoxin-A promoter in the seedling stage. rimb6 shows wildtype-like germination, seedling development and greening, but slower growth and reduced biomass in the rosette stage. Mapping of the casual mutation revealed that rimb6 carries a single nucleotide polymorphism in the gene encoding CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSER OF PATHOGENESIS RELATED (PR) GENES 1, CPR1 (At4g12560), leading to a premature stop codon. CPR1 is known as a repressor of pathogen signaling and regulator of microtubule organization. Allelism of rimb6 and cpr1 revealed a function of CPR1 in chloroplast stress protection. Expression studies in pathogen signaling mutants demonstrated that CPR1-mediated activation of genes for photosynthesis and chloroplast antioxidant protection is, in contrast to activation of pathogen responses, regulated independently from PAD4-controlled salicylic acid (SA) accumulation. We conclude that the support of plastid function is a basic, SA-independent function of CPR1.

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Quantification of Superoxide and Hydrogen Peroxide in Leaves

Juszczak

Baier

2014

Methods in Molecular Biology

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in plants under both non-stressful and stressful conditions. Various histochemical staining methods have been developed and are widely used to visualize ROS accumulation sites. In contrast to qualitative analysis, quantification of ROS has been time- and labor consuming. As a consequence, the number of samples, which could be analyzed in parallel, has been limited. To overcome this problem, we introduce an improved semiquantitative method, in which ROS levels are quantified after histochemical staining in plant organs with the digital image analysis package ImageJ.

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Regulation of Genes Encoding Chloroplast Antioxidant Enzymes in Comparison to Regulation of the Extra-plastidic Antioxidant Defense System

Cited by 8 publications

References 264 publications

Natural Variation of Cold Deacclimation Correlates with Variation of Cold-Acclimation of the Plastid Antioxidant System in Arabidopsis thaliana Accessions

Natural Variation of Cold Deacclimation Correlates with Variation of Cold-Acclimation of the Plastid Antioxidant System in Arabidopsis thaliana Accessions

The Plant Immunity Regulating F-Box Protein CPR1 Supports Plastid Function in Absence of Pathogens

Quantification of Superoxide and Hydrogen Peroxide in Leaves

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