2013
DOI: 10.1124/pr.112.005942
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Regulation ofµ-Opioid Receptors: Desensitization, Phosphorylation, Internalization, and Tolerance

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Cited by 696 publications
(722 citation statements)
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References 278 publications
(489 reference statements)
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“…The unsuitableness of therapy is often related to legal restrictions on the availability of opioid analgesics (Weber et al, 2012), furthermore adverse effects limit the use of these drugs (Morgan, 1989). Along with increase in the prevalence of chronic pain, long-term therapies with opioids exacerbate toxicity and the development of analgesic tolerance (Williams et al, 2013) and dependence is a significant limit in their clinical applications (Koob and Bloom, 1988). Research efforts in the field of analgesics are focused on the discovery of new compounds as well as of new pharmaceutical forms and routes of administration.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The unsuitableness of therapy is often related to legal restrictions on the availability of opioid analgesics (Weber et al, 2012), furthermore adverse effects limit the use of these drugs (Morgan, 1989). Along with increase in the prevalence of chronic pain, long-term therapies with opioids exacerbate toxicity and the development of analgesic tolerance (Williams et al, 2013) and dependence is a significant limit in their clinical applications (Koob and Bloom, 1988). Research efforts in the field of analgesics are focused on the discovery of new compounds as well as of new pharmaceutical forms and routes of administration.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Addiction results in significant changes in mood and affective behavior, while withdrawal syndrome consists of severe somatic alterations (26). Morphine, a clear example, has significant inhibitory effects on numerous types of intense pain; however, the use of morphine is strictly controlled (27). In the present study, morphine caused a significant bodyweight loss after 30 days of administration in rats, and extremely high withdrawal behaviors were observed in morphine-dependent rats compared with non-treated animals.…”
mentioning
confidence: 57%
“…Pregabalin took a "preventive" effect (evaluated as a relief maintained over 24 h) after 14 days of treatment. Morphine was not repeatedly administered, since the wellknown development of tolerance to the anti-nociceptive effect [35,36].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%