Results FOLFOX reduced the pain threshold in response to mechanical noxious and thermal (cold) non-noxious stimuli beginning from day 14 up to day 42 comparably to oxaliplatin alone. A fifth FOLFOX injection enhanced the severity but not the duration of painful alterations. Spontaneous activity, behavioural, autonomic, and neurological functions were also affected, whereas the motor coordination was not altered. On day 22, duloxetine (15 mg kg −1 , per os), morphine (10 mg kg −1 , subcutaneously), or pregabalin (20 mg kg −1 , per os), acutely administered, reduced the FOLFOX-dependent hypersensitivity. Repeated treatments with dimiracetam (150 mg kg −1 , per os, twice daily, from day 22) significantly protected rats from FOLFOX-induced alterations of pain threshold as well as from autonomic and neurological impairments taking effect after 7 days treatment. Pregabalin repeatedly administered (20 mg kg −1 , per os, twice daily, from day 22) was less effective in reducing mechanical hypersensitivity. Conclusion A clinically consistent model of FOL-FOX-induced neurotoxicity has been developed in rats. Dimiracetam fully reduced hypersensitivity and neurological alterations showing a relevant profile as anti-neuropathic resource.