Regulation of Immediate Early Genes in the Visual Cortex

Pinaud, Raphael; Terleph, Thomas A.; Currie, R. William; Tremere, Liisa A.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-33604-6_2

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…This ISH procedure leaves a bluish-purple precipitate localized to cells that contain Arc mRNA. Basal Arc mRNA expression levels are low and increase quickly and dramatically in an activity-dependent manner (Guzowski et al, 1999; Pinaud & Tremere, 2006) selectively in alpha-CaMKII-expressing neurons within the striatum and pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus (Vazdarjanova et al, 2006). Therefore, colored (Arc positive) cells are thought to indicate the neurons that were activated during recent experiences.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, this behavioral design was paired with post-performance assessment of Arc/Arg 3.1 (Arc), an immediate early gene (IEG) and proposed marker of neural activity (e.g., Guzowski, McNaughton, Barnes, & Worley, 1999; Pinaud & Tremere, 2006; Vazdarjanova et al, 2006). For example, Arc transcription is enhanced in response to electrical stimulation, spatial exploration, and learning and memory (Daberkow, Riedy, Kesner, & Keefe, 2007; Guzowski, Setlow, Wagner, & McGaugh, 2001; Guzowski et al, 1999; Vazdarjanova et al, 2006; for review, see Bramham et al, 2010; Pinaud & Tremere, 2006). Moreover, the proportion of hippocampal neurons expressing Arc following exploration is comparable to the proportion of neurons encoding spatial information as measured by vivo electrophysiology (see Guzowski et al, 2006 for discussion; Wilson & McNaughton, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential Arc expression in the hippocampus and striatum during the transition from attentive to automatic navigation on a plus maze

Gardner

Suarez

Robinson-Burton

et al. 2016

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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The strategies utilized to effectively perform a given task change with practice and experience. During a spatial navigation task, with relatively little training, performance is typically attentive enabling an individual to locate the position of a goal by relying on spatial landmarks. These (place) strategies require an intact hippocampus. With task repetition, performance becomes automatic; the same goal is reached using a fixed response or sequence of actions. These (response) strategies require an intact striatum. The current work aims to understand the activation patterns across these neural structures during this experience-dependent strategy transition. This was accomplished by region-specific measurement of activity-dependent immediate early gene expression among rats trained to different degrees on a dual-solution task (i.e., a task that can be solved using either place or response navigation). As expected, rats increased their reliance on response navigation with extended task experience. In addition, dorsal hippocampal expression of the immediate early gene Arc was considerably reduced in rats that used a response strategy late in training (as compared with hippocampal expression in rats that used a place strategy early in training). In line with these data, vicarious trial and error, a behavior linked to hippocampal function, also decreased with task repetition. Although Arc mRNA expression in dorsal medial or lateral striatum alone did not correlate with training stage, the ratio of expression in the medial striatum to that in the lateral striatum was relatively high among rats that used a place strategy early in training as compared with the ratio among over-trained response rats. Altogether, these results identify specific changes in the activation of dissociated neural systems that may underlie the experience-dependent emergence of response-based automatic navigation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Arc expression in the hippocampus and striatum during the transition from attentive to automatic navigation on a plus maze

Gardner

Suarez

Robinson-Burton

et al. 2016

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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“…An involvement in the suppression of calcium‐dependent intracellular processes has been shown for the mammalian hippocampus and other systems (Chard et al, 1995; Krzywkowski et al, 1996; Molinari et al, 1996; Jackson and Redman, 2003). In zebra finches, calbindin‐positive cells in NCM do not exhibit song‐induced expression of zenk (Pinaud et al, 2006a), an inducible gene that has been linked to activity‐dependent morphological and synaptic plasticity (Pinaud et al, 2002, 2006b; Mello et al, 2004; Pinaud, 2004, 2005; Pinaud and Tremere, 2005; Mello and Pinaud, 2006). Although singing‐induced expression of zenk and other inducible genes occurs in several song nuclei, no significant induction has been detected in DLM, which is consistent with a potential suppression of calcium‐triggered gene expression by calbindin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The excitatory thalamo‐“cortical” projection within the song control system of zebra finches is formed by calbindin‐expressing neurons

Pinaud

Saldanha

Wynne

et al. 2007

J of Comparative Neurology

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The learning and production of vocalizations in songbirds are controlled by a system of interconnected brain nuclei organized into a direct vocal motor pathway and an anterior forebrain (pallium-basal ganglia-thalamo-pallial) loop. Here we show that the thalamo-pallial ("thalamo-cortical") projection (from the medial part of the dorsolateral thalamic nucleus to the lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium--DLM to LMAN) within the anterior forebrain loop is composed of cells positive for the calcium-binding protein calbindin. We show that the vast majority of cells within DLM express calbindin, based both on immunocytochemistry (ICC) for calbindin protein and in situ hybridization for calb mRNA. Using a combination of tract-tracing and ICC we show that the neurons that participate in the DLM-to-LMAN projection are calbindin-positive. We also demonstrate that DLM is devoid of cells expressing mRNA for the GABAergic marker zGAD65. This observation confirms that the calbindin-expressing cells in DLM are not GABAergic, in accordance with previous electrophysiological data indicating that the DLM-to-LMAN projection is excitatory. Furthermore, we use ICC to determine the trajectory of the fibers within the DLM-to-LMAN projection, and to demonstrate a sex difference in calbindin expression levels in the fibers of the DLM-to-LMAN projection. Our findings provide a clear-cut neurochemical signature for a critical projection in the songbird vocal control pathways that enable song learning.

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“…zif268, egr-1 , NGFI-A, krox-24 ) has been extensively used to map song-responsive neurons in the songbird auditory system 50,51,60 The gene zenk encodes a zinc-finger transcriptional regulator (ZENK) that is highly sensitive to neuronal depolarization and that has been repeatedly implicated in central nervous system plasticity. 6166 Importantly, the mapping of zenk mRNA or protein has been successfully used to reveal song-driven neurons, at single cell resolution, in freely-behaving animals. 60,67–70…”

Section: Gabaergic Neurons In Ncm Are Directly Activated By Birdsong mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical and Functional Organization of Inhibitory Circuits in the Songbird Auditory Forebrain

et al. 2009

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Recent studies on the anatomical and functional organization of GABAergic networks in central auditory circuits of the zebra finch have highlighted the strong impact of inhibitory mechanisms on both the central encoding and processing of acoustic information in a vocal learning species. Most of this work has focused on the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM), a forebrain area postulated to be the songbird analogue of the mammalian auditory association cortex. NCM houses neurons with selective responses to conspecific songs and is a site thought to house auditory memories required for vocal learning and, likely, individual identification. Here we review our recent work on the anatomical distribution of GABAergic cells in NCM, their engagement in response to song and the roles for inhibitory transmission in the physiology of NCM at rest and during the processing of natural communication signals. GABAergic cells are highly abundant in the songbird auditory forebrain and account for nearly half of the overall neuronal population in NCM with a large fraction of these neurons activated by song in freely-behaving animals. GABAergic synapses provide considerable local, tonic inhibition to NCM neurons at rest and, during sound processing, may contain the spread of excitation away from un-activated or quiescent parts of the network. Finally, we review our work showing that GABA A -mediated inhibition directly regulates the temporal organization of song-driven responses in awake songbirds, and appears to enhance the reliability of auditory encoding in NCM.

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Regulation of Immediate Early Genes in the Visual Cortex

Cited by 5 publications

References 91 publications

Differential Arc expression in the hippocampus and striatum during the transition from attentive to automatic navigation on a plus maze

Differential Arc expression in the hippocampus and striatum during the transition from attentive to automatic navigation on a plus maze

The excitatory thalamo‐“cortical” projection within the song control system of zebra finches is formed by calbindin‐expressing neurons

Anatomical and Functional Organization of Inhibitory Circuits in the Songbird Auditory Forebrain

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