Regulation of Malignant Hematopoiesis by Bone Marrow Microenvironment

Abstract

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that give rise to all kinds of hematopoietic lineage cells on various demands throughout life are maintained in a specialized microenvironment called “niche” in the bone marrow (BM). Defining niche cells and unveiling its function have been the subject of intense study, and it is becoming increasingly clear how niche cells regulate HSCs in normal hematopoiesis. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs), which are able to produce leukemic cells and maintain leukemic clones, are assumed to share common features with healthy HSCs. Accumulating evidence suggests that LSCs reside in a specialized BM microenvironment; moreover, LSCs could control and rebuild the microenvironment to enhance their progression and survival. This article discusses the recent advances in our knowledge of the microenvironment supporting malignant hematopoiesis, including LSC niche.

Updates on Old and Weary Haematopoiesis

“…This indicates that other factors must participate in leukaemogenesis, including additional genetic mutations [ 78 , 79 ] and/or alterations in the bone marrow microenvironment, as these have been found to contribute to myeloproliferative syndromes, myelodysplasia and secondary leukaemia, and juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia [ 80 , 81 , 82 ]. Leukaemogenesis results in the generation of futile, aberrant cells or “blasts”, which accumulate and promote multidimensional damage to the bone marrow environment, with subsequent impairment of the normal, healthy haematopoiesis [ 83 ].…”

The Influence of the Environmental Environment on the State of Hemopoesis and the Development and Course of Acute Leukemia in Children after the Chernobil Catastrophe

“…Відомо, що строма кісткового мозку впливає на гемопоез і координує взаємодію з клітинами-попередниками [8,9,10]. Зокрема, стромальні фібробласти формують гемопоетичне мікрооточення і можуть відігравати як захисну роль, так і бути промоторами пухлинного процесу [11].…”

The chromatin remodeler Brg1 is required for formation and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells

“…[2][3][4] Disorder of the process can lead to several blood diseases, including acute leukemia and congenital blood disorders. [5][6][7] Chromatin remodeling, histone modification, and DNA methylation are three major factors in the regulation of epigenetic modification. 8 The epigenetic relationships during the development of HSPCs are critical for regenerative medicine application of HSPCs expanded ex vivo or in vitro.…”