Regulation of Somatic Embryo Development in Norway Spruce

Arnold, Sara von; Zhu, Tianqing; Larsson, Emma; Uddenberg, Daniel; Clapham, David

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0342-0_17

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…There will also be a strengthening in the combined use of methods, as has already occurred in conifers with the combination of SE with reverse genetics as a model for studying the regulation of embryonic development. If the system is well-coordinated, it can lead to abundant somatic embryos at different stages of development [136].…”

Section: Breeding Programs and Biotechnological Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conifer Biotechnology: An Overview

Rodríguez

Ordás

Álvarez

2022

Forests

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The peculiar characteristics of conifers determine the difficulty of their study and their great importance from various points of view. However, their study faces numerous important scientific, methodological, cultural, economic, social, and legal challenges. This paper presents an approach to several of those challenges and proposes a multidisciplinary scientific perspective that leads to a holistic understanding of conifers from the perspective of the latest technical, computer, and scientific advances. This review highlights the deep connection that all scientific contributions to conifers can have in each other as fully interrelated communicating vessels.

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Section: Breeding Programs and Biotechnological Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conifer Biotechnology: An Overview

Rodríguez

Ordás

Álvarez

2022

Forests

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“…Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is an advanced developmental method by which plants can regenerate bipolar structures from a somatic cell (Meńdez-Hernańdez et al, 2019). These bipolar structures in their development and morphological features resemble their zygotic counterparts (von Arnold et al, 2020). In conifers, SE is the preferable method of propagation due to the possibility of long-term cryo-storage of the embryogenic tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Addition of abscisic acid enhances the maturation of somatic embryos which is followed by germination and regeneration of the intact plantlet (Stasolla and Yeung, 2003). The success of plantlet regeneration is dependent on the proper execution of each step and several chemical and physical stimuli may be employed (Filonova et al, 2002;von Arnold et al, 2020). In the end of the maturation process a population of somatic embryos is obtained consisting of a mixture of pre-cotyledonary and cotyledonary somatic embryos and remains of the proliferating tissue as the maturation process is unsynchronized (Stasolla and Yeung, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep learning for automated segmentation and counting of hypocotyl and cotyledon regions in mature Pinus radiata D. Don. somatic embryo images

Davidson,

Saggese,

Krajňáková

2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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In commercial forestry and large-scale plant propagation, the utilization of artificial intelligence techniques for automated somatic embryo analysis has emerged as a highly valuable tool. Notably, image segmentation plays a key role in the automated assessment of mature somatic embryos. However, to date, the application of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for segmentation of mature somatic embryos remains unexplored. In this study, we present a novel application of CNNs for delineating mature somatic conifer embryos from background and residual proliferating embryogenic tissue and differentiating various morphological regions within the embryos. A semantic segmentation CNN was trained to assign pixels to cotyledon, hypocotyl, and background regions, while an instance segmentation network was trained to detect individual cotyledons for automated counting. The main dataset comprised 275 high-resolution microscopic images of mature Pinus radiata somatic embryos, with 42 images reserved for testing and validation sets. The evaluation of different segmentation methods revealed that semantic segmentation achieved the highest performance averaged across classes, achieving F1 scores of 0.929 and 0.932, with IoU scores of 0.867 and 0.872 for the cotyledon and hypocotyl regions respectively. The instance segmentation approach demonstrated proficiency in accurate detection and counting of the number of cotyledons, as indicated by a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.79 and mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.60. The findings highlight the efficacy of neural network-based methods in accurately segmenting somatic embryos and delineating individual morphological parts, providing additional information compared to previous segmentation techniques. This opens avenues for further analysis, including quantification of morphological characteristics in each region, enabling the identification of features of desirable embryos in large-scale production systems. These advancements contribute to the improvement of automated somatic embryogenesis systems, facilitating efficient and reliable plant propagation for commercial forestry applications.

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“…Somatic embryogenesis is a promising vegetative propagation way for conifers (Klimaszewska et al 2016). In these species, embryogenesis involves a cascade of auxin-and abscisic acid (ABA)mediated events, from pro-embryogenesis (ZE) to early and late embryogenesis (ZE, SE), coordinating apical-basal and radial patterning (Trontin et al 2016a, von Arnold et al 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic memory of temperature sensed during somatic embryo maturation in 2-year-old maritime pine trees

Trontin,

Sow,

Delaunay

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Embryogenesis is a brief but potentially critical phase in the tree life cycle for adaptive phenotypic plasticity. Using somatic embryogenesis in maritime pine, we found that temperature during the maturation phase affects embryo development and post-embryonic tree growth for up to three years. We examined whether this somatic stress memory could stem from temperature- and/or development-induced changes in DNA methylation. To do this, we developed a 200 Mb custom sequence capture bisulfite analysis of genes and promoters to identify differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) between temperature treatments (18, 23, and 28°C) and developmental stages (immature and cotyledonary embryos, shoot apical meristem of 2-year-old plants) and investigate if these differences can be mitotically transmitted from embryonic to post-embryonic development (epigenetic memory). We revealed a high prevalence of temperature-induced DMCs in genes (8-14%) compared to promoters (less than 1%) in all 3 cytosine contexts. Developmental DMCs showed a comparable pattern but only in the CG context, and with a high trend towards hypo-methylation, particularly in the promoters. A high percentage of DMCs induced by developmental transitions were found memorized in genes (up to 45-50%) and promoters (up to 90%). In contrast, temperature-induced memory was lower and confined to genes after both embryonic (up to 14%) and post-embryonic development (up to 8%). Using stringent criteria, we identified ten genes involved in defense responses and adaptation, embryo development and chromatin regulation that are candidates for the establishment of a persistent epigenetic memory of temperature sensed during embryo maturation in maritime pine.Graphical abstract

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Regulation of Somatic Embryo Development in Norway Spruce

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Conifer Biotechnology: An Overview

Conifer Biotechnology: An Overview

Deep learning for automated segmentation and counting of hypocotyl and cotyledon regions in mature Pinus radiata D. Don. somatic embryo images

Epigenetic memory of temperature sensed during somatic embryo maturation in 2-year-old maritime pine trees

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