Regulation of Sucrose Metabolism in Higher Plants: Localization and Regulation of Activity of Key Enzymes

Winter, Heike; Huber, Steven C.

doi:10.1080/10409230008984165

Cited by 404 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 199 publications

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“…Cleavage of sucrose, an invertase catalyzed hydrolysis, is vital for plants, occupying a central place in plant carbon metabolism. Our results clearly shows the correlation between invertase activity and the content of reducing sugars, results confirmed by other different authors (Tognetti, Pontis, & Martínez-Noël, 2013;Wind, Smeekens, & Hanson, 2010;Koch, 2004;Winter & Huber, 2000;Tauzin & Giardina, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Influence of Perlite and Jiffy Substrates on Cucumber Fruit Productivity and Quality

Petre¹,

Pele²,

Drăghici³

2015

JAS

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Most studies related to the culture of cucumbers refer only to germination, emergence and development of leaves and fruit, the nutrients used and their efficiency. This study assesses the influence of different types of soilless substrates (Perlite -2 mm, Perlite -4 mm, Perlite -5 mm, Jiffy and Jiffy + 50% Perlite -4 mm) on the content of nitrate, carbohydrates, chlorophyll, proteins, invertase activity and dry matter in cucumber leaves, stems and fruit grown on the respective substrates. The highest production was obtained on Perlite -4 mm. The nitrates content was below the maximum admitted limit for all samples. Dry matter content of fruit depended on substrate in succession Jiffy, Perlite -5 mm, Perlite 4 mm, Perlite 2 mm and Jiffy+Perlite 4 mm. The highest content of total chlorophyll was both in leaves as well as relating to fruit of plants grown on Perlite 5mm. The protein concentrations in fruits decrease in the order Jiffy, Perlite -4 mm, Perlite -5 mm, Perlite -2 mm and Jiffy+Perlite -4 mm. Both carbohydrates and invertase activity have the highest values in fruits. When, reducing sugars content is very high invertase activity corresponding is low. The highest level of reducing sugars was found in fruits grown on Jiffy followed by those developed on Perlite -2 mm. Although, Jiffy substrate shows very good results it is expensive so the best choice for growing cucumbers in terms of both production and nutrient content is mainly the Perlite -4 mm substrate.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Influence of Perlite and Jiffy Substrates on Cucumber Fruit Productivity and Quality

Petre¹,

Pele²,

Drăghici³

2015

JAS

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“…Sucrose (Suc), the most abundant disaccharide in nature, is commonly found in plants and plays an important role in their development, growth, carbon storage, stress protection, and signal transduction (Winter and Huber 2000;Reid and Abratt 2005). Within the prokaryotic domain, mainly Cyanobacteria and some Proteobacteria are known to accumulate Suc, where it serves as a compatible solute to protect against osmotic stress (Reed 1986;Empadinhas and da Costa 2008) and is thought to stabilize protein and membrane structure (Reed 1986;Leslie et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Identification of sucrose synthase in nonphotosynthetic bacteria and characterization of the recombinant enzymes

Diricks

Bruyn

Daele

et al. 2015

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Sucrose synthase (SuSy) catalyzes the reversible conversion of sucrose and a nucleoside diphosphate into fructose and nucleotide (NDP)-glucose. To date, only SuSy's from plants and cyanobacteria, both photosynthetic organisms, have been characterized. Here, four prokaryotic SuSy enzymes from the nonphotosynthetic organisms Nitrosomonas Europaea (SuSyNe), Acidithiobacillus caldus (SuSyAc), Denitrovibrio acetiphilus (SusyDa), and Melioribacter roseus (SuSyMr) were recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli and thoroughly characterized. The purified enzymes were found to display high-temperature optima (up to 80 °C), high activities (up to 125 U/mg), and high thermostability (up to 15 min at 60 °C). Furthermore, SuSyAc, SuSyNe, and SuSyDa showed a clear preference for ADP as nucleotide, as opposed to plant SuSy's which prefer UDP. A structural and mutational analysis was performed to elucidate the difference in NDP preference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic SuSy's. Finally, the physiological relevance of this enzyme specificity is discussed in the context of metabolic pathways and genomic organization.

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“…n plants, sucrose is a major photosynthetic product and plays a key role not only for carbon partition but also in sugar sensing, development, and regulation of gene expression (1)(2)(3). It was first thought that sucrose metabolism was a characteristic of plants, but it was later found in other oxygenic photosynthetic organisms (4,5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, in plants, sucrose is synthesized from UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) and fructose-6-phosphate (Fru-6P) in a reaction catalyzed by sucrose-6-phosphate synthase (EC 2.4.1.14), followed by removal of the phosphate group by sucrose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.24). The disaccharide can be degraded to Glc and Fru by invertases (EC 3.2.1.26) or cleaved by UDP to form UDP-Glc and Fru by sucrose synthase (NDP-glucose:D-fructose 2-␣-D-glucosyltransferase [EC 2.4.1.13], also abbreviated as SUS or SuSy) (2,3). However, some plant sucrose synthases have a certain degree of substrate promiscuity (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21), while the one from Thermosynechococcus elongatus prefers ADP (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Crystal Structure of Nitrosomonas europaea Sucrose Synthase Reveals Critical Conformational Changes and Insights into Sucrose Metabolism in Prokaryotes

Diez

Figueroa

et al. 2015

J Bacteriol

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In this paper we report the first crystal structure of a prokaryotic sucrose synthase from the nonphotosynthetic bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea. The obtained structure was in an open form, whereas the only other available structure, from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, was in a closed conformation. Comparative structural analysis revealed a "hinge-latch" combination, which is critical to transition between the open and closed forms of the enzyme. The N. europaea sucrose synthase shares the same fold as the GT-B family of the retaining glycosyltransferases. In addition, a triad of conserved homologous catalytic residues in the family was shown to be functionally critical in the N. europaea sucrose synthase (Arg567, Lys572, and Glu663). This implies that sucrose synthase shares not only a common origin with the GT-B family but also a similar catalytic mechanism. The enzyme preferred transferring glucose from ADP-glucose rather than UDP-glucose like the eukaryotic counterparts. This predicts that these prokaryotic organisms have a different sucrose metabolic scenario from plants. Nucleotide preference determines where the glucose moiety is targeted after sucrose is degraded. IMPORTANCEWe obtained biochemical and structural evidence of sucrose metabolism in nonphotosynthetic bacteria. Until now, only sucrose synthases from photosynthetic organisms have been characterized. Here, we provide the crystal structure of the sucrose synthase from the chemolithoautotroph N. europaea. The structure supported that the enzyme functions with an open/close induced fit mechanism. The enzyme prefers as the substrate adenine-based nucleotides rather than uridine-based like the eukaryotic counterparts, implying a strong connection between sucrose and glycogen metabolism in these bacteria. Mutagenesis data showed that the catalytic mechanism must be conserved not only in sucrose synthases but also in all other retaining GT-B glycosyltransferases. In plants, sucrose is a major photosynthetic product and plays a key role not only for carbon partition but also in sugar sensing, development, and regulation of gene expression (1-3). It was first thought that sucrose metabolism was a characteristic of plants, but it was later found in other oxygenic photosynthetic organisms (4, 5). In the last decade, Salerno and coworkers demonstrated the importance of sucrose for carbon and nitrogen fixation in filamentous cyanobacteria (6, 7). More recently, genomic and phylogenetic analyses revealed the existence of sucrose-related genes in nonphotosynthetic prokaryotes such as proteobacteria, firmicutes, and planctomycetes (4, 5, 8). It has been suggested that these organisms acquired the genes of sucrose metabolism by horizontal gene transfer (4,5,8). However, analysis of the enzymes encoded by such genes is currently lacking.Nitrosomonas europaea is a chemolithoautotrophic bacterium that obtains energy by oxidizing ammonia to hydroxylamine and nitrite in the presence of oxygen (9). It is a member of the betaproteobacteria group with a putati...

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Regulation of Sucrose Metabolism in Higher Plants: Localization and Regulation of Activity of Key Enzymes

Cited by 404 publications

References 199 publications

Influence of Perlite and Jiffy Substrates on Cucumber Fruit Productivity and Quality

Influence of Perlite and Jiffy Substrates on Cucumber Fruit Productivity and Quality

Identification of sucrose synthase in nonphotosynthetic bacteria and characterization of the recombinant enzymes

The Crystal Structure of Nitrosomonas europaea Sucrose Synthase Reveals Critical Conformational Changes and Insights into Sucrose Metabolism in Prokaryotes

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