Regulation of the Cell Cycle

Pardee, Arthur B.

doi:10.1002/0470025077.chap02

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This heterogeneity of cell growth has been seen with all cell populations, including prokaryotes, and all eukaryotes, including yeasts, protozoa, avian, and all mammalian cells studied over the last 70 years [14]. How to account for this heterogeneity?…”

Section: The Quantal Nature Of Il2-promoted T Cell Cycle Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The quantal theory of immunity

Smith

2006

Cell Res

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Exactly how the immune system discriminates between all environmental antigens to which it reacts vs. all selfantigens to which it does not, is a principal unanswered question in immunology. As set forth in this review, because of the advances in our understanding of the immune system that have occurred in the last 50 years, for the first time it is possible to formulate a new theory, termed the "Quantal Theory of Immunity", which reduces the problem from the immune system as a whole, to the individual cells comprising the system, and finally to a molecular explanation as to how the system behaves as it does.

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Section: The Quantal Nature Of Il2-promoted T Cell Cycle Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The quantal theory of immunity

Smith

2006

Cell Res

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“…Another common source of delay is the presence of feedback loops, which typically involve a delay due to the time lag between feeding a signal and receiving the response [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Feedback is a widespread mechanism in nature, encountered in various biological systems (such as gene regulatory networks [8][9][10][11][12][13][14], the cell metabolism [15,16], or the chemotactal motion of bacteria [17][18][19]); and is further implemented in numerous artificial systems (such as robots [5], autonomously driving cars [20], or quantum devices [21,22]). Recent experiments on small-scale, fluctuating systems successfully apply feedback control involving video microscopy and co-moving laser traps to create virtual potentials [23,24] or realize arbitrary interactions between colloidal particles [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medium Entropy Reduction and Instability in Stochastic Systems with Distributed Delay

Loos

Hermann

Klapp

2021

Entropy

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Many natural and artificial systems are subject to some sort of delay, which can be in the form of a single discrete delay or distributed over a range of times. Here, we discuss the impact of this distribution on (thermo-)dynamical properties of time-delayed stochastic systems. To this end, we study a simple classical model with white and colored noise, and focus on the class of Gamma-distributed delays which includes a variety of distinct delay distributions typical for feedback experiments and biological systems. A physical application is a colloid subject to time-delayed feedback control, which is, in principle, experimentally realizable by co-moving optical traps. We uncover several unexpected phenomena in regard to the system’s linear stability and its thermodynamic properties. First, increasing the mean delay time can destabilize or stabilize the process, depending on the distribution of the delay. Second, for all considered distributions, the heat dissipated by the controlled system (e.g., the colloidal particle) can become negative, which implies that the delay force extracts energy and entropy of the bath. As we show here, this refrigerating effect is particularly pronounced for exponential delay. For a specific non-reciprocal realization of a control device, we find that the entropic costs, measured by the total entropy production of the system plus controller, are the lowest for exponential delay. The exponential delay further yields the largest stable parameter regions. In this sense, exponential delay represents the most effective and robust type of delayed feedback.

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Regulation of the Cell Cycle

Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

The quantal theory of immunity

The quantal theory of immunity

Medium Entropy Reduction and Instability in Stochastic Systems with Distributed Delay

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