Regulation of the interrenal of fishes: non-classical control mechanisms

Cb, Schreck; Cs, Bradford; Fitzpatrick, Ms; Patiño, Reynaldo

doi:10.1007/bf00004715

Cited by 55 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Goswami et al (1985) injected ovine LH and SG-G100 in hyposectomized and intact gravid catfish which also increased plasma cortisol concentration in both treatments. In coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), interrenal incubations with SG-100 and a highly purified chum salmon GTH demonstrated that both preparations were extremely effective in stimulating the secretion of cortisol and androstenedione equivalent to ACTH (Schreck et al, 1989). We caution making inferences from the partially purified salmon gonadotropin (SG-100) due to the possibility of cross contamination with ACTH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Regulation of a putative corticosteroid, 17,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene,3,20-one, in sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus

Roberts

Didier

Rai

et al. 2014

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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a b s t r a c tIn higher vertebrates, in response to stress, the hypothalamus produces corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which stimulates cells in the anterior pituitary to produce adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which in turn stimulates production of either cortisol (F) or corticosterone (B) by the adrenal tissues. In lampreys, however, neither of these steroids is present. Instead, it has been proposed that the stress steroid is actually 17,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (11-deoxycortisol; S). However, there have been no studies yet to determine its mechanism of regulation or site of production. Here we demonstrate that (1) intraperitoneal injections of lamprey-CRH increase plasma S in a dose dependent manner, (2) intraperitoneal injections of four lamprey-specific ACTH peptides at 100 lg/kg, did not induce changes in plasma S concentrations in either males or females; (3) two lamprey-specific gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH I and III) and arginine-vasotocin (AVT), all at single doses, stimulated S production as well as, or to an even greater extent than CRH; (4) sea lamprey mesonephric kidneys, in vitro, converted tritiated 17a-hydroxyprogesterone (17a-P) into a steroid that had the same chromatographic properties (on HPLC and TLC) as S; (5) kidney tissues released significantly more immunoassayable S into the incubation medium than gill, liver or gonad tissues. One interpretation of these results is that the corticosteroid production of the sea lamprey, one of the oldest extant vertebrates, is regulated through multiple pathways rather than the classical HPI-axis. However, the responsiveness of this steroid to the GnRH peptides means that a reproductive rather than a stress role for this steroid cannot yet be ruled out.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Regulation of a putative corticosteroid, 17,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene,3,20-one, in sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus

Roberts

Didier

Rai

et al. 2014

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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“…Plasma concentrations of E 2 , testosterone, and 11-KT in primary and secondary plasma of fish sampled in 1993 were assayed by the RIA methods of Sower & Schreck (1982) as modified by Fitzpatrick et al (1986). Androstenedione was assayed by the RIA described by Schreck et al (1989). Lysozyme activity in plasma from primary and secondary circulation was measured by a microplate assay adaptation of Litwack's method (1955) as applied by Sankaran & Gurnani (1972) and Muona & Soivio (1992).…”

Section: Assay Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune and endocrine responses of adult chinook salmon during freshwater immigration and sexual maturation

Maule¹,

Schrock²,

Slater

et al. 1996

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…Salinity and temperature are important environmental factors that affect the growth, survival, reproduction, and immune functions of teleost fishes (Schreck et al 1989;Bly and Clem 1992). Acute changes in salinity and water temperature can cause stress (Barton and Iwama 1991;Abele et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of hypoosmotic and thermal stress on gene expression and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the cinnamon clownfish,Amphiprion melanopus

Park

Shin

Choi

et al. 2011

Animal Cells and Systems

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We studied oxidative stress in cinnamon clownfish exposed to hypoosmotic (35 psu 0 17.5 psu and 17.5 psu with prolactin (PRL)) and low temperature (288C 0 248C and 208C) conditions by measuring the expression and activity of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). The expression and activity of the antioxidant enzymes were significantly higher after the fish were exposed to 248C, 208C, and 17.5 psu, and expression was repressed by PRL treatment. Furthermore, we measured H 2 O 2 and lipid peroxidation levels and found that they were significantly higher after exposure to the hypoosmotic and low-temperature environments. Additionally, we investigated changes in plasma AST and ALT levels after exposure to low temperature and hypoosmotic stress. These levels increased upon exposure of the clownfish to 248C, 208C, and 17.5 psu, but the levels of these parameters decreased in the 17.5 psu with PRL treatment during a salinity change. The results indicate that hypoosmotic and low-temperature conditions induce oxidative stress in cinnamon clownfish and that the parameters tested in this study may be indices of oxidative stress in the cinnamon clownfish.

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Regulation of the interrenal of fishes: non-classical control mechanisms

Cited by 55 publications

References 40 publications

Regulation of a putative corticosteroid, 17,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene,3,20-one, in sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus

Regulation of a putative corticosteroid, 17,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene,3,20-one, in sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus

Immune and endocrine responses of adult chinook salmon during freshwater immigration and sexual maturation

Effect of hypoosmotic and thermal stress on gene expression and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the cinnamon clownfish,Amphiprion melanopus

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