Regulation of translation by one-carbon metabolism in bacteria and eukaryotic organelles

Abstract

Protein synthesis is an energetically costly cellular activity. It is therefore important that the process of mRNA translation remains in excellent synchrony with cellular metabolism and its energy reserves. Unregulated translation could lead to the production of incomplete, mistranslated, or misfolded proteins, squandering the energy needed for cellular sustenance, and causing cytotoxicity. One-carbon metabolism (OCM), an integral part of cellular intermediary metabolism, produces a number of one-carbon unit intermediates (formyl, methylene, methenyl, methyl). These OCM intermediates are required for the production of amino acids like methionine, and biomolecules such as purines, thymidylate, and redox regulators. In this review, we discuss how OCM impacts the translation apparatus (composed of ribosome, tRNA, mRNA, and translation factors) and regulates crucial steps in protein synthesis. More specifically, we address how the OCM metabolites regulate the fidelity and rate of translation initiation in bacteria and eukaryotic organelles such as mitochondria. Modulation of the fidelity of translation initiation by OCM opens new avenues to understand alternative translation mechanisms involved in stress tolerance and drug resistance.

The Old Yellow Enzyme OfrA Fosters Staphylococcus aureus Survival via Affecting Thiol-Dependent Redox Homeostasis

“…Several redox-related (SAUSA300_0339, SAUSA300_0340, SAUSA300_0212, SAUSA300_0213, ypdA , and cymR ) and stress-related genes ( csbD , clpB , sigB , and rsbW ) are deregulated. Using regulon analysis and GSEA, we observed the following: (1) one-carbon metabolism is inhibited in Δ ofrA indicating an unbalanced redox status ( Shetty and Varshney, 2021 ), and (2) the carotenoid biosynthesis ( crtOPQMN ) is suppressed in the mutant ( Supplementary Table 6 ).…”

Antioxidant Mechanism of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KM1 Under H2O2 Stress by Proteomics Analysis

“…The pyruvate produced by glycolysis is oxidatively decarboxylated to acetyl-CoA under the catalysis of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and then enters the TCA cycle through acetyl-CoA. Pyruvate metabolism, carbon metabolism and TCA cycle were affected by the oxidation-reduction state (Shetty and Varshney, 2021 ). Pyruvate metabolism inhibits the production of H 2 O 2 and pyruvate as the final product of glycolysis participated in the TCA cycle (Crestanello et al, 1998 ; Liu et al, 2009 ).…”

Rewired Metabolism of Amino Acids and Its Roles in Glioma Pathology

“…One of the enzymatic products of glutamate, the γ-aminobutyric acid, is an inhibitory neurotransmitter [ 6 ]. (c) Glycine, serine, methionine and histidine could provide one-carbon units, promoting purine, pyrimidine, and the redox regulator biosynthesis [ 7 , 8 ]. (d) Some AAs have been utilized as potential biomarkers to aid diagnosis and prognosis.…”