Regulatory components at the<i>csgD</i>promoter â additional roles for OmpR and integration host factor and role of the 5â² untranslated region

Gerstel, Ulrich; Kolb, Annie; Römling, Ute

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00332.x

Cited by 26 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…IHF has been indicated to be involved in regulation of the csgD promoter (Gerstel et al, 2003(Gerstel et al, , 2006. In fact, we identified two IHF-binding sites, one between 2188 and 2159 (IHF-1) and another between 296 and 237 (IHF-2), on the csgD promoter ( Fig.…”

Section: Transcription-factor-binding Sequences On the Csgd Promotermentioning

confidence: 81%

Regulation of the Escherichia coli csgD promoter: interplay between five transcription factors

et al. 2010

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Under stressful conditions in nature, Escherichia coli forms biofilms for long-term survival. Curli fimbriae are an essential architecture for cell-cell contacts within biofilms. Structural components and assembly factors of curli are encoded by two operons, csgBA and csgDEFG. The csgD gene product controls transcription of both operons. Reflecting the response of csgD expression to external stresses, a number of transcription factors participate in the regulation of the csgD promoter. Analysis of the csgD mRNA obtained from E. coli mutants in different transcription factors indicated that CpxR and H-NS act as repressors while OmpR, RstA and IHF act as activators. An acid-stress response regulator, RstA, activates csgD only under acidic conditions. These five factors bind within a narrow region of about 200 bp upstream of the csgD promoter. After pair-wise promoter-binding assays, the increase in csgD transcription in the stationary phase was suggested to be due, at least in part, to the increase in IHF level cancelling the silencing effect of H-NS. In addition, we propose a novel regulation model of this complex csgD promoter through cooperation between the two positive factors (OmpR-IHF and RstA-IHF) and also between the two negative factors (CpxR-H-NS). INTRODUCTIONBacteria can switch from a single-cell planktonic growth mode to a multicellular community (biofilm) mode. During such a growth transition state, cell morphology, physiology and metabolism are markedly altered (PrigentCombaret et al., 2001;Schembri et al., 2003;Beloin et al., 2004;Ren et al., 2004). In single-cell growth mode, cell motility using flagella is critical for adaptation to environments. The master regulator FlhCD complex plays a key role in controlling transcription of a set of genes for flagella formation (Claret & Huges, 2000). When Escherichia coli cells switch their life mode from single planktonic cell growth to multicellular community (biofilm) mode, the genetic system for flagella formation is turned off and the genes involved in cell-cell adhesion are activated. The biofilm matrix is a complex architecture of cell aggregates that are attached on the surface of inorganic solid materials in nature or on eukaryotic tissues in host animals. After a comprehensive analysis of a set of E. coli mutants, each lacking one of 3985 non-essential genes, a total of 110 genes were indicated to be involved in biofilm formation (Niba et al., 2007).During biofilm development, curli fimbriae, the major biofilm component, play a key role in both initial adhesion to solid surfaces and subsequent cell-cell interactions (Vidal et al., 1998;Chapman et al., 2002;Prigent-Combaret et al., 2000). Curli fimbriae also mediate bacterial adhesion to host cells and invasion, and activation of both the proinflammatory response and the immune system (Bian et al., 2000;Zogaj et al., 2001). Accordingly, curli participate in virulence phenotypes (Hammar et al., 1995; Vidal et al., 1998;Bian et al., 2000; Gophna et al., 2001;Cookson et al., 2002). A set of polysacch...

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Section: Transcription-factor-binding Sequences On the Csgd Promotermentioning

confidence: 81%

Regulation of the Escherichia coli csgD promoter: interplay between five transcription factors

et al. 2010

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“…OmpR is part of the EnvZ (membrane bound sensor kinase)/OmpR two-component regulatory system able to change the OmpR phosphorylation pattern in response to environmental changes such as osmolarity (high osmolarity leads to high levels of phosphorylated OmpR (OmpR-P)) and pH. Several OmpR binding sites (D1-D7) in the cgsD promoter were identified using a combination of response genetic studies and in vitro experiments (gel shifts and DNase I footprints) (Gerstel, Kolb, & Römling, 2006;Gerstel, Park, & Römling, 2003), showing similarities to the well-characterized ompF promoter (Huang & Igo, 1996). Further experiments showed that high affinity binding of OmpR-P to D1, directly upstream of the −35 box, is sufficient for transcriptional activation, while binding to the adjacent D2 and D3-D6 boxes, located further upstream, represses transcription.…”

Section: Complex Regulation Of Csgd Expression By Trans (Ompr Ihf Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella biofilms: An overview on occurrence, structure, regulation and eradication

Steenackers

Hermans

Vanderleyden

et al. 2012

Food Research International

463

341

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“…1) (14,15,23,34). An unusually large region upstream and downstream of the csgD promoter has been implicated in the control of csgD expression through binding of several regulatory proteins (3,12,13,22); however, single point mutations in the csgD promoter region can lead to enhanced semiconstitutive and temperatureindependent expression of CsgD, which does not require the stress sigma factor RpoS (38). Many of the links between environmental cues and CsgD expression are still unclear and are likely to involve both transcriptional and posttranscriptional control.…”

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confidence: 99%

Bistable Expression of CsgD in Biofilm Development ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium

et al. 2010

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Bacterial persistence in the environment and in the infected host is often aided by the formation of exopolymer-enclosed communities known as biofilms. Heterogeneous gene expression takes place in microcompartments formed within the complex biofilm structure. This study describes cell differentiation within an isogenic bacterial cell population based on the example of biofilm formation by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. We analyzed the expression of the major biofilm regulator CsgD at the single-cell level with a chromosomal CsgD-green fluorescent protein (GFP) translational fusion. In individual cells, CsgD-GFP expression is mostly found in the cytoplasm. Quantitative expression analysis and results from three different models of S. Typhimurium biofilms demonstrated that CsgD is expressed in a bistable manner during biofilm development. CsgD expression is, however, monomodal when CsgD is expressed in larger amounts due to a promoter mutation or elevated levels of the secondary signaling molecule c-di-GMP. High levels of CsgD-GFP are associated with cellular aggregation in all three biofilm models. Furthermore, the subpopulation of cells expressing large amounts of CsgD is engaged in cellulose production during red, dry, and rough (rdar) morphotype development and in microcolony formation under conditions of continuous flow. Consequently, bistability at the level of CsgD expression leads to a corresponding pattern of task distribution in S. Typhimurium biofilms.

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Regulatory components at thecsgDpromoter â additional roles for OmpR and integration host factor and role of the 5â² untranslated region

Cited by 26 publications

References 32 publications

Regulation of the Escherichia coli csgD promoter: interplay between five transcription factors

Regulation of the Escherichia coli csgD promoter: interplay between five transcription factors

Salmonella biofilms: An overview on occurrence, structure, regulation and eradication

Bistable Expression of CsgD in Biofilm Development ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium

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Regulatory components at thecsgDpromoter â additional roles for OmpR and integration host factor and role of the 5â² untranslated region

Cited by 26 publications

References 32 publications

Regulation of the Escherichia coli csgD promoter: interplay between five transcription factors

Regulation of the Escherichia coli csgD promoter: interplay between five transcription factors

Salmonella biofilms: An overview on occurrence, structure, regulation and eradication

Bistable Expression of CsgD in Biofilm Development ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium

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Regulatory components at thecsgDpromoter â additional roles for OmpR and integration host factor and role of the 5â² untranslated region