“…Finally, the samples were frozen on dry ice for 5 min before storage in the −80 C freezer. For ATAC-seq, samples were prepared as we have previously described (66). For RNAseq, Trizol was quickly added and the villus or crypt pellet was dispersed by pipetting, the samples were flash frozen in liquid nitrogen, and the samples were stored at −80 C. Sonicated lysate and the supernatant dilution buffer (1% of 100X ProteaseArrestTM for Mammalian [100X], 2% 1M Tris pH 8, 3% 5M NaCl, 0.4% 0.5 M EDTA, 5% of 20% Triton X, and MilliQ water) were mixed together at a ratio that would give a concentration of 0.22 to 0.24% SDS.…”