“…RpoS is associated with stress adaptation and response to changeable environments (Dodd and Aldsworth, 2002;Dong and Schellhorn, 2010). The function of RpoS has been widely explored in Escherichia coli, Serratia plymuthica, and Vibrio cholerae (Vidovic et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2016;Wölflingseder et al, 2022), and the results showed that RpoS enhanced their adaptation to various environmental stresses (starvation, acidic pH, oxidative stress, etc.). Recent studies found that RpoS can also regulate virulence factor expression, such as adhesion, biofilm-forming, antibiotic tolerance, etc.…”