Rehabilitation and Return to Play of the Athlete after an Upper Extremity Injury

Oak, Sameer R.; Klein, Brooks; Verma, Neil; Kerzner, Benjamin; Fortier, Luc M.; Chava, Neha S.; Reinold, Michael M.; Bedi, Asheesh

doi:10.1016/j.asmr.2021.09.033

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…As pitchers prepare to return to competition after these injuries, interval throwing programs (ITP) are used to progressively apply load to the healing tissue. Several ITPs have been published, [5][6][7][8][9][10] with a wide variety of recommendations regarding the distances, intensities, frequency, and volume between programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Interval Throwing Program for Baseball Pitchers Based upon Workload Data

Reinold,

Dowling,

Fleisig

et al. 2024

International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy

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Background Interval throwing programs (ITP) have been used for decades to enable baseball pitchers to return to competition after injury or surgery by gradually applying load to the throwing arm. Past programs have been based on personal experience; however, advances in our understanding of the biomechanics and workloads of throwing allow for a more modern data-based program to be developed. Hypothesis/Purpose To 1) develop a updated ITP for rehabilitation of modern baseball pitchers based upon biomechanical and throwing workload data, and 2) compare the updated program with a past program to determine differences in chronic workload and acute:chronic workload ratios (ACWR). Study Design Cross-sectional study Methods Workloads (i.e. daily, acute, chronic, and ACWR) for the original ITP were built from the prescribed throwing schedule. Elbow varus torque per throw was calculated based upon a relationship between elbow varus torque and throwing distance. Throw counts, daily/chronic/acute workloads, and ACWR were calculated and plotted over time. A new ITP was built to model current pitcher’s throwing schedules and gradually increased ACWR over time. Results The original ITP had a throwing schedule of 136 days, final chronic workload 15.0, and the ACWR above or below the “safe” range (i.e. 0.7 – 1.3) for 18% of the program with a peak of 1.61. The updated ITP was built to consist of a 217-day schedule, final chronic workload of 10.8, and deviated from the safe range for 9% of the program, with a peak of 1.33. Conclusion The newly created ITP is more familiar to modern baseball pitchers while exhibiting a more gradual buildup of chronic workload than traditional ITP programs. This ITP may be used to return baseball pitchers back to competition as safely and efficiently as possible, and potentially with less risk of setbacks or reinjury. The ITP may be used following common injuries or surgeries to the throwing shoulder and elbow, such as Tommy John surgery, while also serving as a basis for future development of shorter duration ITPs. Level of Evidence 2c

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Interval Throwing Program for Baseball Pitchers Based upon Workload Data

Reinold,

Dowling,

Fleisig

et al. 2024

International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy

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“…Rehabilitation management needs to be carried out to prevent complications such as swelling, limited range of motion of the joint, muscle weakness, decreased balance and restoration of functional ability of the knee. In some cases suffered by athletes, the rehabilitation phase is also useful to restore performance and ability to be able to play or return to the field after a sports injury [11]. In the recovery phase after a sports injury, quite a few new problems are discovered, including the occurrence of muscle imbalance and cross over syndrome [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of sensor-based bilateral leg muscle circumference balance testing tool for athletes

Yesi,

Komaini,

Bafirman

et al. 2024

Fiz Pol

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This research aims to design a sensor-based tool for checking bilateral leg muscle circumference balance in athletes. This study employs a Research and Development (R&D) design. This research involved 3 experts who were competent in their fields, namely an instrumentation physicist, a physiotherapist, and a sports physiologist, whose aim was at the validation test stage, to find out the weaknesses and strengths of the product that had been designed. After carrying out the validation test stage, the resulting product will be tested for use in the field. A total of 10 men who were selected using the Purposive Sampling technique with ages ranging from 20 to 28 years. The data obtained was tested using the r-correlation method. The main results of our research report that this sensor-based bilateral leg muscle circumference balance examination tool is valid, practical, effective, and reliable as a measuring tool for leg muscle circumference balance examination. This tool proves highly beneficial for healthcare professionals, particularly sports physiotherapists, by aiding in muscle balance assessments.

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“…The management and returnto-play (RTP) timelines often vary depending on the athletic populations, and high-quality evidence must be extracted directly from published articles. 3,4,26,44,56,64,75 Bibliometric analysis can serve as an important tool for sports medicine physicians to efficiently evaluate the existing influential literature regarding the management nuances in specific athletic populations. These analyses have been frequently utilized in recent years to allow identification and evaluation of the most influential articles within a field of study, based on total citations and citation density (ie, citations per year since publication).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The management and return-to-play (RTP) timelines often vary depending on the athletic populations, and high-quality evidence must be extracted directly from published articles. 3 , 4 , 26 , 44 , 56 , 64 , 75 …”

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confidence: 99%

Musculoskeletal Injury in American Football: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Most Cited Articles

Desai

Dent

El-Najjar

et al. 2023

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background: Textbook knowledge and clinical dogma are often insufficient for effective evidence-based decision making when treating musculoskeletal injuries in American football players, given the variability in presentation and outcomes across different sports and different levels of competition. Key evidence can be drawn directly from high-quality published articles to make the appropriate decisions and recommendations for each athlete’s unique situation. Purpose: To identify and analyze the 50 most cited articles related to football-related musculoskeletal injury to provide an efficient tool in the arsenal of trainees, researchers, and evidence-based practitioners alike. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The ISI Web of Science and SCOPUS databases were queried for articles pertaining to musculoskeletal injury in American football. For each of the top 50 most cited articles, bibliometric elements were evaluated: citation count and density, decade of publication, journal, country, multiple publications by the same first author or senior author, article content (topic, injury area), and level of evidence (LOE). Results: The mean ± SD number of citations was 102.76 ± 37.11; the most cited article, with 227 citations, was “Syndesmotic Ankle Sprains” published in 1991 by Boytim et al. Several authors served as a first or senior author on >1 publication, including J.S. Torg (n = 6), J.P. Bradley (n = 4), and J.W. Powell (n = 4). The American Journal of Sports Medicine published the majority of the 50 most cited articles (n = 31). A total of 29 articles discussed lower extremity injuries, while only 4 discussed upper extremity injuries. The majority of the articles (n = 28) had an LOE of 4, with only 1 article having an LOE of 1. The articles with an LOE of 3 had the highest mean citation number (133.67 ± 55.23; F = 4.02; P = .05). Conclusion: The results of this study highlight the need for more prospective research surrounding the management of football-related injury. The low overall number of articles on upper extremity injury (n = 4) also highlights an area for further research.

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Rehabilitation and Return to Play of the Athlete after an Upper Extremity Injury

Cited by 10 publications

References 80 publications

An Interval Throwing Program for Baseball Pitchers Based upon Workload Data

An Interval Throwing Program for Baseball Pitchers Based upon Workload Data

Design of sensor-based bilateral leg muscle circumference balance testing tool for athletes

Musculoskeletal Injury in American Football: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Most Cited Articles

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