Rehabilitation of the Throwing Athlete

Wilk, Kevin E.; Hooks, Todd

doi:10.1016/j.csm.2014.12.010

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…These comprehensive programs generally include range of motion and flexibility exercises, strengthening exercises, plyometrics, stabilization techniques, and concentric and eccentric exercises. [23][24][25] These exercises cannot completely reproduce the speed and stress of actually throwing a baseball, so an interval throwing program is regularly incorporated. 3,19 Most of these programs are designed according to the principle of introducing the arm to gradually increasing loads, and they have generally been effective in conditioning players during the off-season and returning pitchers and position players to play after injury.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Throwing Arm Mechanics at Increased Throwing Distances During Structured Long-Toss

Dowling¹,

McNally

Laughlin³

et al. 2018

Am J Sports Med

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Return-to-throw programs have been utilized by sports medicine clinicians and coaches to help guide a player during rehabilitation. These programs involve throwing at increased efforts through increased distances with no immediate feedback on elbow stress. This investigation describes arm biomechanical changes during submaximum interval throwing and demonstrates a tool that can be utilized to measure arm stress in real time for clinicians and athletes progressing through an interval throwing program.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Throwing Arm Mechanics at Increased Throwing Distances During Structured Long-Toss

Dowling¹,

McNally

Laughlin³

et al. 2018

Am J Sports Med

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“…With isolated rotator cuff strengthening, clinicians should continue to follow the most current recommendations for rehabilitation after UCLR that address the entire kinetic chain. 41 , 42 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Shoulder Internal Rotation Strength Between Baseball Players With Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction and Healthy Controls

Kennedy

Sheedy

Klein

et al. 2022

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background: Studies have indicated decreased shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) strength in the throwing limb of baseball players after ulnar collateral ligament injury. There is limited evidence on the recovery of shoulder rotation strength after primary ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR). Hypothesis: At the time of return to throwing, baseball players who underwent UCLR would demonstrate decreased IR and ER shoulder strength in the throwing arm as compared with healthy baseball players. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Male competitive high school and collegiate baseball athletes participated in this study. Athletes who underwent UCLR were compared with healthy controls who were matched by age, height, weight, and position. Bilateral isometric shoulder ER and IR strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer for all participants at the time of initial evaluation (UCLR group) and throughout the course of a season (healthy group). Independent t tests were run to calculate mean differences in ER and IR shoulder strength between the groups, with significance set at P < .05. Results: A total of 86 baseball athletes participated in this study (43 UCLR group, 43 healthy group). At the time of return to throwing (mean ± SD, 194 ± 30 days postoperatively), the 2 groups demonstrated no significant differences in nonthrowing arm ER or IR strength ( P = .143 and .994, respectively). No significant difference was found between groups for throwing arm ER strength ( P = .921); however, the UCLR group demonstrated significantly less throwing arm IR strength than the healthy group (144.2 ± 27.8 vs 157.6 ± 27.1 N; P = .023). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that throwing arm rotator cuff strength may not fully recover before the initiation of a return-to-throwing program after UCLR. These data provide a potential framework for clinicians to assist in the management and exercise prescription of the baseball athlete after UCLR and before medical release and the initiation of a return-to-throwing program.

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“…Given this, an individualized approach with knowledgeable sports medicine clinicians who can help the patient evaluate the risks and potential benefits of each of these treatment options is essential. These include nitroglycerin patches overlying the affected area, 73 extracorporeal shockwave therapy, 74 minimally invasive high‐frequency ultrasound debridement, 75 tendon fenestration, 76 high‐volume injection or hydrodissection, 77 prolotherapy, 78 platelet‐rich plasma, 79 or bone marrow aspirate 80 . The efficacy of each modality varies, depending on the area affected and the technique and experience of the treating provider 81‐84 …”

Section: Training and Treatment Considerations For Aging Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The aging athlete

Catapano

Ahmed

Breslow³

et al. 2022

PM&R

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Aging athletes, those 60 years and older, are a growing population of mature, active individuals who value sports and exercise participation throughout their lifespan. Although recommendations for younger and masters athletes have been extrapolated to this population, there remains a paucity of specific guidelines, treatment algorithms, and considerations for aging athletes. The benefits of living an active lifestyle must be weighed against the risks for unique cardiovascular, metabolic, and musculoskeletal injuries requiring diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. In this article, we review the unique cardiovascular and muscular physiology of aging athletes and how it influences the risk of specific medical conditions. We also discuss general prevention and treatment strategies. Finally, we identify areas of future research priorities and emerging treatments.

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Rehabilitation of the Throwing Athlete

Cited by 17 publications

References 56 publications

Changes in Throwing Arm Mechanics at Increased Throwing Distances During Structured Long-Toss

Changes in Throwing Arm Mechanics at Increased Throwing Distances During Structured Long-Toss

Differences in Shoulder Internal Rotation Strength Between Baseball Players With Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction and Healthy Controls

The aging athlete

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