Reimagining SSR in Contexts of Security Pluralism

Abstract

Within the repertoire of international stabilization interventions, security sector reform (SSR) and other conventional efforts to strengthen security and governance institutions remain central. There is increasing recognition that the policies and practices operating under the rubric of SSR are blind to the empirical reality of security pluralism in most stabilization contexts. In these contexts, both security providers directly authorized by the state (police, army) and a multitude of other coercive actors engage in producing and reproducing order, and enjoy varying degrees of public authority and legitimacy. Recognizing this, research was undertaken in three cities (Beirut, Nairobi, and Tunis) to discern the conditions enabling various security providers to forge constructive relations with local populations and governance actors. Drawing on insights generated by these case studies, this article problematizes conventional state-centric approaches and argues for a bold reimagining of SSR. It makes the case for an SSR approach that prioritizes promoting the accountability and responsiveness of all security providers, integrating efforts to strengthen the social determinants of security, and enabling a phased transition from relational to rules-based systems of security provision and governance.

‘With or Without You’: The Governance of (Local) Security and the Koglweogo Movement in Burkina Faso

“…The literature on the network or nodal governance of security echoes these concerns. This approach acknowledges the (increasing) ' diversity of auspices and providers of security' (Shearing 2005: 58) and underlines the importance of taking the plurality and agency of these actors seriously (Johnston and Shearing 2003;Dupont et al 2007;Price and Warren 2017;Biaumet 2017). As such, not only does it provide for a widening of the analysis to non-state actors, but it also allows for a cross-examination of the governance of the security network and the relations between all security actors.…”