Reimbursement policies in the Asia-Pacific for chronic hepatitis B

Lim, Seng Gee; Amarapurkar, Deepak; Chan, Henry Lik Yuen; Crawford, Darrell H. G.; Gane, Edward; Han, Kwang Hyub; Ahn, Sang Hoon; Jafri, Wasim; Jia, Jidong; Kao, Jia‐Horng; Lesmana, Laurentius M. Adrianto; Lesmana, Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya; Mohamed, Rosmawati; Phiet, Pham Hoang; Piratvisuth, Teerha; Sarin, Shiv Kumar; Sollarno, Jose D.; Eguchi, Yuichiro; Mahtab, Mamun Al; Lee, Keat Hong

doi:10.1007/s12072-014-9593-x

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Diagnosis, treatment, and choice of optimal therapy for patients with HBV and HCV need to be improved in China. For HBV, nucleoside and nucleotide analogues such as lamivudine, adefovir, and telbivudine are not preferred by international guidelines but are still used in low-income areas, 382,387 although the first-line antiviral drugs entecavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate are recommended by practice guidelines and are already on the reimbursement list. 388 As tenofovir becomes cheaper and generic versions of tenofovir and entecavir are approved, appropriate therapies should be increasingly prescribed.…”

Section: Priorities To Address the Burden Of Liver Diseases In The Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission

Sarin

Kumar

Eslam

et al. 2020

The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology

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411

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The Asia-Pacific region is home to more than half of the global population and accounted for 62·6% of global deaths due to liver diseases in 2015. 54·3% of global deaths due to cirrhosis, 72·7% of global deaths due to hepatocellular carcinoma, and more than two-thirds of the global burden of acute viral hepatitis occurred in this region in 2015. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection caused more than half of the deaths due to cirrhosis in the region, followed by alcohol consumption (20·8%), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD; 12·1%), and chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV; 15·7%). In 2015, HBV accounted for about half the cases of hepatocellular carcinoma in the region. Preventive strategies for viral hepatitis-related liver disease include increasing access to clean drinking water and sanitation. HBV vaccination programmes for neonates have been implemented by all countries, although birthdose coverage is extremely suboptimal in some. Availability of screening tests for blood and tissue, donor recall policies, and harm reduction strategies are in their initial stages in most countries. Many governments have put HBV and HCV drugs on their essential medicines lists and the availability of generic versions of these drugs has reduced costs. Efforts to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat, together with the rapid increase in per-capita alcohol consumption in countries and the epidemic of obesity, are expected to change the spectrum of liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region in the near future. The increasing burden of alcohol-related liver diseases can be contained through government policies to limit consumption and promote less harmful patterns of alcohol use, which are in place in some countries but need to be enforced more strictly. Steps are needed to control obesity and NAFLD, including policies to promote healthy lifestyles and regulate the food industry. Inadequate infrastructure and insufficient health-care personnel trained in liver diseases are issues that also need to be addressed in the Asia-Pacific region. The policy response of most governments to liver diseases has thus far been inadequate and poorly funded. There must be a renewed focus on prevention, early detection, timely referral, and research into the best means to introduce and improve health interventions to reduce the burden of liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region. 168 www.thelancet.com/gastrohep Vol 5 February 2020The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission accounted for 108 276 (8·2%) of the total liver-related deaths in the region in 2015, compared with 929 (1·2%) of 72 437 in the USA and 4032 (0·3%) of 197 179 in Europe. Deaths in the Asia-Pacific region represented three-quarters of the global total number of deaths due to acute viral hepatitis. In 2015, the region accounted for three-quarters of the global total number of deaths related to acute HBV, almost two-thirds of those due to acute hepatitis A infection, and almost 80% of those due to acute hepatitis E infection. Of all deaths du...

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Section: Priorities To Address the Burden Of Liver Diseases In The Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission

Sarin

Kumar

Eslam

et al. 2020

The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Self Cite

411

303

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…HBsAg loss has been shown to foresee off-therapy durability, 26 but it is unfortunately remote in most NUC-treated patients, 27 and hardly realistic as a national policy in countries prevalent with CHB. 28 Besides, indefinite drug exposure raises concern of potential harms that may evade short-term surveillance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Serum Level of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen at End of Entecavir Therapy and Risk of Relapse in E Antigen–Negative Patients

Hsu

Chang

et al. 2016

Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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“…Current guidelines recommend seroclearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as the indicator to discontinue NUCs, because it foresees off‐therapy durability . However, this goal is remote in the vast majority of treated patients, requiring several decades on therapy, and practically unrealistic in most HBV‐endemic countries . Besides, indefinite use raises safety concern of prolonged exposure to an agent that works on genetic transcription …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum viral load at the virological relapse predicts subsequent clinical flares in chronic hepatitis B patients off entecavir therapy

Hsu

Chang

et al. 2017

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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Reimbursement policies in the Asia-Pacific for chronic hepatitis B

Abstract: Reimbursement policies differed from country to country, the quantum and the proportion of patients who received reimbursement also varied significantly. Asia Pacific countries were able to follow APASL guidelines with variable success based on their reimbursement policies.

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission

Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission

Association Between Serum Level of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen at End of Entecavir Therapy and Risk of Relapse in E Antigen–Negative Patients

Serum viral load at the virological relapse predicts subsequent clinical flares in chronic hepatitis B patients off entecavir therapy

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