Deterioration of reinforced concrete structures prior to the lifetime for which they have been projected is a common problem in construction. The origin of this deterioration is due to different factors, ranging from the aggressiveness of the environment to the conditions of use and maintenance, making it necessary to know the damage origin in order to determine the more appropriate repair materials, repair methods, as well as to ensure the durability of those repairs. The aim of the present work is to compare the behavior of structural elements subjected to bending or compression after having been repaired, by substituting the deteriorated concrete by Portland cement mortar or mortar modified with polymers. Firstly, cubic specimens were manufactured with different repair concrete-mortar proportions to be tested to compression, with the materials placed both in series and in parallel. In addition, four concrete reinforced beams, which had previously been tested to bending until fracture, were repaired and tested to bending with different amounts and types of steel. From the results analysis, it can be concluded that mixed systems-polymer-modified concrete mortar subjected to compression can withstand greater loads than the repair Portland cement mortar, although they are in no case able to restore the load capacity of concrete. In elements subjected to bending, the repaired beams are able to achieve the initial fracture strength of the beams, and support even higher loads. Therefore, repairing deteriorated concrete structures using repair mortars is a good alternative, especially in structural elements subjected to bending, and performed using Portland cement mortars. In structures subject to compression, it is better to use repair mortars modified with polymers which increase the ductility when the repair mortar is located in series regarding the load.