Reinforced photocatalytic reduction of SnO2 nanoparticle by La incorporation for efficient photodegradation under visible light irradiation

Photodegradation activity of yttrium-doped SnO2 nanoparticles against methylene blue dye and antibacterial effects

“…The decrease in particle size might be knowingly inhibited owing to occurrence of Y 3+ . The main reason was that the ionic radius of Y 3+ (0.086 nm) was longer than that of Sn 4+ (0.069 nm) (Jayapandi et al 2019).…”

“…The bandgap energies declined since 3.79 eV for undoped SnO 2 to 3.49 and 3.2 eV for 2% and 4% Y-doped SnO 2 NPs, respectively, consistent to wavelength occurs/fortunate in the visible region range. It could be detected that the E g value lessened steadily with increasing the yttrium (Y 3+ ) concentration, henceforth the decline in the bandgap energy was modernized via electronic construction and proposing an s-d and p-d exchange interfaces in d-band electrons (e − ) of the Y 3+ ions exchanged on the Sn sites of the host SnO 2 medium (Jayapandi et al 2019). The CB in the SnO 2 samples mostly comprise Sn5s, Sn5p, and O 2 states, although the VB was essentially calm through O 2 p states.…”

“…Numerous methods have been proposed for the removal of toxins from wastewater to limit their effect on the environment (Saleh et al 2019). Remediation by methods such as photocatalytic treatment to remove dye toxins from wastewater is critical in order to prevent the death of aquatic animals, human disease, and destruction of ecosystems (Jayapandi et al 2019). One of the most effective means of wastewater remediation is the use of advanced oxidation processes (AOP), and a number of methods have been reported (Bartolomeu et al 2018).…”

“…Over the previous decade, semiconductor photocatalysts (PCs) have become widely used to address a number of environmental issues such as hazardous waste remediation and energy harms utilizing abundant solar light, with the advantages of cost-effectiveness, low toxicity, recyclability, and the ability to facilitate multi-step electron transfer progressions (Xu et al 2019). Recent efforts to develop semiconductor materials with precise size, shape, and optical, electrical, and catalytic properties has garnered attention in the areas of conservation, biosystems, and energy tenders (Ravichandran et al 2017;Jayapandi et al 2019). The exploitation of solar energy and photocatalysts (PCs) centered on TiO 2 , ZnO and tin oxide (SnO 2 ) is a simple and vibrant solution to destroy and eliminate these organic impurities (Feng et al 2015;Wang et al 2015;Vignesh et al 2019a).…”

Influence of reducing agents in nanoparticle synthesis: SnO2‐ZnO composite anode

“…The crystallite sizes of the Sn 0.5 Zn 0.5 O 2 samples prepared at different synthesis mediums are calculated by Debye Scherer's equation 17 . Remarkably, all three samples deliver three different crystallite sizes as mentioned here: Sn 0.5 Zn 0.5 O 2 -A: 19 nm, Sn 0.5 Zn 0.5 O 2 -B: 26 nm, and Sn 0.5 Zn 0.5 O 2 -C: 20 nm and pristine SnO 2 : 39 nm.…”