Reinforcement as a conservation tool – assessing site fidelity and movement of the endangered elongated tortoise<i>Indotestudo elongata</i>(Blyth, 1854)

Ihlow, Flora; Rödder, Dennis; Bochynek, Thomas; Sothanin, Sovath; Handschuh, Markus; Böhme, Wolfgang

doi:10.1080/00222933.2014.925595

Cited by 6 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…More specifically, grasslands and bamboo forests are the most common places this species preferred. This finding was consistent with the result provided by Ihlow et al (2014), showing preferred habitat of this species at savannah (grassland), bamboo, and semi-evergreen forests. Significantly, this study also revealed that this species was commonly inactive during the day time in which almost 100% of them hidden during this period, especially under fallen trees and in holes.…”

Section: Monitoring Programme Of the Elongated Tortoisesupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Although, different literature suggested little success rate has been found within reptiles such as Dodd & Seigel (1991), other studies found that relocation programme has proved to be significant for population establishment (Ashton & Burke, 2007;Ihlow et al, 2014). Germano & Bishop (2009) suggested that success and failure rates of relocation were dependent on the taxonomic class (amphibians or reptiles) and conservation efforts within responsible institutions.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Rescue And Relocation Programmementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As cited by various literatures (e.g. Ihlow et al, 2014), this species can well establish within a new environment when there is strong enforcement.…”

Section: Threatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in most cases, the annual survival rate of translocated and rehabilitated tortoises will always be much smaller than those of wild tortoises (Lhoefener & Lohmeier, 1986). For instance, a five-month monitoring study using the same method to study the annual survival rate of I. elongata in the Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary in Cambodia by Ihlow et al (2014) found that there was 76% annual survival rate within this species. This rate of 76% is lower than the results found in these Nam Theun 2 radiotracking activities.…”

Section: Monitoring Programme Of the Elongated Tortoisementioning

confidence: 99%

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Rescue and relocation programme of turtles and tortoises and elongated tortoise monitoring programme in the Nam Theun 2 Reservoir (Laos)

Som

Cottet

2015

Hydroécol. Appl.

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-The impoundment of the Nam Theun 2 (NT2) Reservoir on the Nakai Plateau resulted in the creation of a 489 km 2 reservoir at its full supply level. This inundation has generated a modification of the environment e.g. in terms of geomorphology especially for the wetlands and terrestrial ecosystems. Wildlife population including six species of fresh water turtles and tortoises has been expected to be affected by the NT2 Reservoir impoundment. In order to avoid an excessive loss of these populations, a turtle conservation programme (rescue, relocation, and monitoring programmes) was conducted with two distinct phases (i) the first phase started before the reservoir impoundment (January 2008) and ended after the reservoir reached its full supply level (January 2009) and (ii) the second phase (monitoring only) was conducted from August 2008 to January 2009 and from November to December 2009. A total of 490 individuals belonging to four freshwater turtle species and three terrestrial species were rescued and relocated into different selected habitats above the full supply level. This number of rescued individuals exceeded the objectives of the rescue and relocation programme. The monitoring programme's results focused particularly on nine individuals belonging to the elongated tortoise species (Indotestudo elongata). Results showed all nine observed elongated tortoises were successfully surviving. However their annual survival rate declined from 100% during the first phase of the programme to 47% after the two monitoring phases. This annual apparent survival rate was outside the range of the natural annual survival rate of this species (88% to 96%). However, the programme found that this sharp decline might be caused by either an error of transmitters attached on individuals or external threats from poaching. This hypothesis was supported by the fact that the four individuals re-tracked showed good sign of population establishment (e.g. normal increase in body weight).

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Section: Monitoring Programme Of the Elongated Tortoisesupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Evaluation Of the Rescue And Relocation Programmementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As cited by various literatures (e.g. Ihlow et al, 2014), this species can well establish within a new environment when there is strong enforcement.…”

Section: Threatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monitoring Programme Of the Elongated Tortoisementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Rescue and relocation programme of turtles and tortoises and elongated tortoise monitoring programme in the Nam Theun 2 Reservoir (Laos)

Som

Cottet

2015

Hydroécol. Appl.

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“…There are few reports on the behavior of young tortoises in the wild, but a juvenile in Myanmar was found hiding alongside a termite mound at midday (Zug et al 1998). The species is less active and appears to aestivate during the dry season (Bourret 1941;Biswas et al 1978;Ihlow et al 2014;Som and Cottet 2016). Retreat sites vary seasonally in northern Cambodia; tortoises rested in dense vegetation during the rainy season but selected former burrows of other animals, which offer more shelter and stable climatic conditions, during the dry season (Ihlow, pers.…”

Section: 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Indotestudo elongata (Blyth 1854) – Elongated Tortoise, Yellow-headed Tortoise, Yellow Tortoise.

Ihlow¹,

Dawson²,

Hartmann³

et al. 2016

Chelonian Research Monographs

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The Elongated Tortoise, Indotestudo elongata (Family Testudinidae), is a mediumsized tortoise with a straight carapace length of up to 360 mm. The species is sexually dimorphic; among the morphological differences between the sexes, males and females differ in facial coloration during the breeding season. Indotestudo elongata inhabits low to mid-elevation habitats in Southeast Asia: open deciduous dipterocarp forests, grasslands, bamboo forests, secondary forests, and hilly evergreen forests. The species is a generalist omnivore. In the wild, courtship and mating take place at the beginning of the rainy season. Clutches of up to 10 eggs are laid toward the end of the wet period; hatchlings emerge from the nest at the beginning of the subsequent rainy season. The species is heavily exploited by humans for food and traditional medicine across its range. In addition, I. elongata is greatly affected by habitat destruction, fragmentation, and loss. As a result, although protected by international and national regulations, the species has undergone severe population declines. Recommended conservation measures include greater enforcement of wildlife protection laws, conservation breeding and monitored releases of tortoises, and continued research. DIsTrIbuTIon.

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Home is where the shell is: predicting turtle home range sizes

Slavenko

Itescu

Ihlow

et al. 2015

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Home range is the area traversed by an animal in its normal activities. The size of home ranges is thought to be tightly linked to body size, through size effect on metabolic requirements. Due to the structure of Eltonian food pyramids, home range sizes of carnivores are expected to exceed those of herbivorous species. The habitat may also affect home range size, with reduced costs of locomotion or lower food abundance in, for example, aquatic habitats selecting for larger home ranges. Furthermore, home range of males in polygamous species may be large due to sexual selection for increased reproductive output. Comparative studies on home range sizes have rarely been conducted on ectotherms. Because ectotherm metabolic rates are much lower than those of endotherms, energetic considerations of metabolic requirements may be less important in determining the home range sizes of the former, and other factors such as differing habitats and sexual selection may have an increased effect. We collected literature data on turtle home range sizes. We used phylogenetic generalized least squares analyses to determine whether body mass, sex, diet, habitat and social structure affect home range size. Turtle home range size increases with body mass. However, body mass explains relatively little of the variation in home range size. Aquatic turtles have larger home ranges than semiaquatic species. Omnivorous turtles have larger home ranges than herbivores and carnivores, but diet is not a strong predictor. Sex and social structure are unrelated to home range size. We conclude that energetic constraints are not the primary factor that determines home range size in turtles, and energetic costs of locomotion in different habitats probably play a major role.

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Reinforcement as a conservation tool – assessing site fidelity and movement of the endangered elongated tortoiseIndotestudo elongata(Blyth, 1854)

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Rescue and relocation programme of turtles and tortoises and elongated tortoise monitoring programme in the Nam Theun 2 Reservoir (Laos)

Rescue and relocation programme of turtles and tortoises and elongated tortoise monitoring programme in the Nam Theun 2 Reservoir (Laos)

Indotestudo elongata (Blyth 1854) – Elongated Tortoise, Yellow-headed Tortoise, Yellow Tortoise.

Home is where the shell is: predicting turtle home range sizes

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