Reinnervation of denervated skeletal muscles by grafted dorsal root ganglion

Ochi, Mitsuo; Kwong, Wing-Hang; Kimori, Kenji; Chow, S. P.; Ikuta, Yoshikazu

doi:10.1016/0014-4886(92)90186-t

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Dautel et al 51 and Ochi et al 52 showed that sensory reinnervation of striated muscles could actually delay denervation atrophy. Because sensory axons cannot restore synapses at the neuromuscular junctions, 45 the muscular atrophy prevented in the sensory-to-motor group could be explained by neurotrophic influences exerted by the sensory axons reinnervating the muscle spindles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of muscle flap sensibility by evoked potentials in the rat

Siemionow

Latıfoǧlu²,

Demirkan³

et al. 2000

Microsurgery

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This study investigated whether the sensory-to-motor reinervation of the muscle flap provides a better sensory recovery of an overlying skin graft. Fifty-four animals were studied in three groups of 18 rats each: group I (control): 1 cm of the gastrocnemius muscle motor nerve was excised and no repair was performed; group II (motor-to-motor repair): the motor nerve of the gastrocnemius flap was transected and repaired; group III (sensory-to-motor repair): the motor nerve of the gastrocnemius muscle and sural nerve were transected and their distal and proximal ends, respectively, were repaired. At follow-up periods of 6, 12, and 24 weeks, evaluation of hair growth, muscle atrophy, and sensory evoked potentials was performed. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) at 6 weeks in the sensory-to-motor repair (group III) revealed a significant (P < 0. 05) increase (104.4% +/- 22.9) in the relative response of peak-to-peak potentials when compared with group I (46.6% +/- 19) and group II (51.8% +/- 14.0). Muscle flap stimulation was most prominent at 6 weeks in sensory-to-motor reinvervated flaps (group III 133.1% +/- 25.4; group I 84.9% +/- 20.2). In this study, sensory-to-motor nerve repair significantly improved the sensibility of skin flaps at 6 weeks. Denervated flaps presented with 3 months of sensory recovery delay.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of muscle flap sensibility by evoked potentials in the rat

Siemionow

Latıfoǧlu²,

Demirkan³

et al. 2000

Microsurgery

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“…We and others have previously reported the beneficial effects of sensory-to-motor nerve repair, ''sensory protection'', [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] in preserving both distal nerve and muscle integrity and function. Sensory protection preserves muscle weight, histologic features, 20 and muscle function 21 following denervation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of the Distal Nerve Sheath to Nerve and Muscle Preservation Following Denervation and Sensory Protection

Veltri¹,

Kwiecień²,

Minet

et al. 2005

J reconstr Microsurg

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The goal of this study was to determine the contribution of the distal nerve sheath to sensory protection. Following tibial nerve transection, rats were assigned to one of the following groups: (1) saphenous-to-tibial nerve neurorrhaphy; (2) saphenous-to-gastrocnemius neurotization; (3) unprotected controls (tibial nerve transection); or (4) immediate common peroneal-to-tibial nerve neurorrhaphy. After a 6-month denervation period and motor reinnervation, ultrastructural, histologic, and morphometric analyses were performed on the distal tibial nerve and gastrocnemius muscle cross-sections. Sensory axons neurotized to muscle maintain existing muscle integrity, as demonstrated by less fibrosis, collagenization, and fat deposition, more than unprotected muscle, and preserve the distribution pattern of fast twitch fibers. However, neurorrhaphy of the sensory nerve to the distal tibial nerve (involving the distal nerve sheath) improves existing endoneurial sheath structure, demonstrated by reduced collagen, and enhances regeneration, shown by improved axon-to-Schwann cell coupling and increased axon area. The authors conclude that sensory protection of muscle does not require the distal nerve sheath, but that preservation of the distal sheath may contribute to enhanced nerve regeneration.

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“…Promising findings about the potential of sensory protection of muscles were also reported by groups testing the effects of dorsal root ganglia or parasympathetic (vagal) ganglia. In 1992, Ochi et al 26 used grafted dorsal root ganglion in a sciatic nerve model, which indicated that sensory axons can delay the weakening and atrophy of muscles after denervation. The same researchers in 1996, 27 in the same sciatic nerve injury model that was repaired with transplanted DRGs, found that the rate of atrophy in the sensory protected animals was slower, even if atrophy leveled off in both the experimental and control groups at the end of the experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is not a novel idea, since the first experiments pertaining to sensory innervation of motor nerves date back to the 1940's. 18,19 In these early experiments and in subsequent ones, innervation of motor targets did not only include recruiting pure somatic sensory nerves, [20][21][22][23][24][25] but also sensory dorsal root ganglia 26,27 and preganglionic or postganglionic parasympathetic vagal nerve fibers. [27][28][29][30] The results of all these studies have been controversial, regarding the degree of benefit of sensory innervation on motor targets.…”

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confidence: 99%

Muscle Preservation by Prolonged Sensory Protection

Papakonstantinou

Kamin²,

Terzis³

2002

J reconstr Microsurg

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The functional recovery of a muscle target following nerve repair is inversely related to the denervation time: i.e., the longer the muscle denervation, the poorer the functional outcome following nerve reconstruction. The trophic and protective effects of sensory innervation to a motor nerve, following prolonged denervation (greater than 6 months), have been studied. Following proximal transection of the musculocutaneous nerve (MC) close to its C6 origin in 10 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, the severed nerve was coapted to supraclavicular purely sensory nerves originating from C3 and C4 (sensory protection [SP] group). In another 10 Sprague-Dawley rats, the transected MC nerve was not protected by coaptation to sensory nerves (control group). After prolonged denervation or "sensory protection" (6 months), the MC nerve was then coapted in both groups to the purely motor medial pectoral nerve. Behavioral testing (grooming test) was performed on a weekly basis during the reinnervation time, which lasted 4 weeks. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) favoring the SP group, were found at the second week of the reinnervation period, but not at the end of the experiment. Evaluation also included intraoperative electrical stimulation of the MC nerve, biceps muscle dry weights, motor endplate counts, and nerve axon counts of the MC nerve. The biceps muscle dry weights were statistically higher in the SP group, along with a trend for a higher number of motor endplates. No statistically significant difference was found in the nerve axon counts of the MC nerve between the two groups. Statistically better intraoperative electrical stimulation results were also encountered in the sensory protection group. An interpretation of the results favors the hypothesis that sensory reinnervation of a motor target may provide the necessary trophic environment to minimize muscle atrophy, until a motor donor nerve becomes available.

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Reinnervation of denervated skeletal muscles by grafted dorsal root ganglion

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Assessment of muscle flap sensibility by evoked potentials in the rat

Assessment of muscle flap sensibility by evoked potentials in the rat

Contribution of the Distal Nerve Sheath to Nerve and Muscle Preservation Following Denervation and Sensory Protection

Muscle Preservation by Prolonged Sensory Protection

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