Reintroduction of Dengue Fever into the Continental United States

Abstract. We conducted a population genetic analysis of Aedes albopictus collected from 20 sites in Brazil, the United States (Florida, Georgia, and Illinois), and the Cayman Islands. Using isoenzyme analysis, we examined genetic diversity and patterns of gene flow. High genetic differentiation was found among Brazilian samples, and between them and North American samples. Regression analysis of genetic differentiation according to geographic distances indicated that Ae. albopictus samples from Florida were genetically isolated by distance. Infection rates with dengue and yellow fever viruses showed greater differences between two Brazilian samples than between the two North American samples or between a Brazilian sample and a North American sample. Introductions and establishments of new Ae. albopictus populations in the Americas are still in progress, shaping population genetic composition and potentially modifying both dengue and yellow fever transmission patterns.

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“…aegypti occurred in Texas in 1980. 40 In Brazil, dengue outbreaks have been associated with Ae. FIGURE 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Genetic Differentiation and Low Variation in Vector Competence for Dengue and Yellow Fever Viruses of Aedes Albopictus From Brazil, the United States, and the Cayman Islands

Oliveira¹,

Vazeille²,

Filippis³

et al. 2003

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Lastly, (e) genotype V represents most DENV-1 strains collected in the Americas, strains from West Africa and Asia. The American strains include those collected from Puerto Rico from 1987–1998 [171,172] as well as cases imported into the continental USA at the Mexico/Texas border [173] into the Florida Keys [174] (and reviewed in [175]), Central America (Nicaragua, Mexico, Costa-Rica) [155,176,177], South America (Venezuela, Colombia, Brasil, Paraguay and Argentina) [142,149,160,178–182] and the Caribbean [183]. Several sampled in islands of the Indian Ocean archipelago (Comorros, La Reunion and the Seychelles) during DENV-1 outbreaks in 1993 and 2003–2004 and West Africa during the 1960s during the first documented outbreaks in the region [142,184] are also included.…”

Section: Phylogeny As a Tool To Understand Denv Epidemiology And Evolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dengue — Quo tu et quo vadis?

Chen

Vasilakis

2011

Viruses

238

246

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Dengue viruses (DENV) are by far the most important arboviral pathogens in the tropics around the world, putting at risk of infection nearly a third of the global human population. DENV are members of the genus Flavivirus in the Family Flaviviridae and comprise four antigenically distinct serotypes (DENV-1-4). Although they share almost identical epidemiological features, they are genetically distinct. Phylogenetic analyses have revealed valuable insights into the origins, epidemiology and the forces that shape DENV evolution in nature. In this review, we examine the current status of DENV evolution, including but not limited to rates of evolution, selection pressures, population sizes and evolutionary constraints, and we discuss how these factors influence transmission, pathogenesis and emergence.

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“…Subsequently, surveillance studies reported 63 additional dengue cases (all caused by DENV-1) that were laboratory confirmed in Texas, 52 of which occurred in counties contiguous to the Mexico-Texas border [30]. Six years later, autochthonous transmission of DENV-1 was again reported in at least 9 individuals in Texas [22].…”

Section: Dengue In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Mexico-Texas border region is at risk for dengue endemicity due to the presence of the competent mosquito vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus and to the circulation of all DENV types (DENV-1 to -4) in recent years [31]. In sum, dengue has been detected in residents of seven Texas counties: Bee, Cameron (where Brownsville is located), Hidalgo, Maverick, Nueces, Travis, and Webb [23, 30, 32]. …”

Section: Dengue In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dengue in the United States of America: A Worsening Scenario?

Áñez

Rios

2013

BioMed Research International

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Dengue is a febrile illness caused by any of the four dengue virus types (DENV-1 to -4, genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae) mainly transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. DENV can be transmitted by blood transfusion. Dengue has been historically present in the continental United States (US), in the state of Hawaii, and in the US insular territories in the Caribbean and the Pacific. During the second half of the 20th century, most of the cases reported in the US were imported cases brought to the country by travelers. Since 2009, cases of autochthonous dengue have been recognized in the state of Florida after 75 years of absence, followed by intensification of transmission in endemic places including the US territories of US Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico, which experienced a large dengue epidemic in 2010. The widespread distribution of dengue mosquito vectors, deficient mosquito control measures and increased frequency of DENV-infected visitors to the US coming from dengue-endemic locations or places experiencing epidemics appear to be jointly responsible for the emergence and reemergence of dengue in the US and its territories.

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Reintroduction of Dengue Fever into the Continental United States

Cited by 26 publications

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Large Genetic Differentiation and Low Variation in Vector Competence for Dengue and Yellow Fever Viruses of Aedes Albopictus From Brazil, the United States, and the Cayman Islands

Large Genetic Differentiation and Low Variation in Vector Competence for Dengue and Yellow Fever Viruses of Aedes Albopictus From Brazil, the United States, and the Cayman Islands

Dengue — Quo tu et quo vadis?

Dengue in the United States of America: A Worsening Scenario?

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