Reintroduction of the Rat for Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with Accelerated Clot Formation: A Low Mortality Model with Persistent Clots as a Precondition for Studies in Vasospasm

Ehlert, Angelika; Budde, Ulrich; Middendorff, Ralf; Manthei, Gerd; Kemmling, André; Tiemann, Bastian

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1641561

Cited by 2 publications

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References 40 publications

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“…Today, mostly rodents were used for induction of experimental SAH (eSAH). So far, different SAH-models have been described in rodents [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In order to allow a more reliable correlation of outcome parameters with the eSAH severity and better comparability of SAH-models, the definition of a comprehensive grading system for the severity of an eSAH is useful.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ESAS-score: A histological severity grading system of subarachnoid hemorrhage using the modified double hemorrhage model in rats

et al. 2020

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The amount of extravasated blood is an established surrogate marker for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) severity, which varies in different experimental SAH (eSAH) models. A comprehensive eSAH grading system would allow a more reliable correlation of outcome parameters with SAH severity. The aim of this study was to define a severity score for eSAH related to the Fisher-Score in humans. Material and methods SAH was induced in 135 male rats using the modified double hemorrhage model. A sham group included 8 rats, in which saline solution instead of blood was injected. Histological analysis with HE(hematoxylin-eosin)-staining for the visualization of blood was performed in all rats on day 5. The amount and distribution of blood within the subarachnoid space and ventricles (IVH) was analyzed. Results The mortality rate was 49.6% (71/143).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ESAS-score: A histological severity grading system of subarachnoid hemorrhage using the modified double hemorrhage model in rats

et al. 2020

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Describing a New Mechanism of Retinal Detachment Secondary to Ophthalmic Artery Vasospasm Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Experimental Study

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et al. 2019

J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg

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Background The pterygopalatine ganglion (PPG) and ophthalmic arteries (OpAs) have important roles in ocular autoregulation and retinal and visual functions. The relationship between PPG neuron density, OpA vasospasm, and retinal detachment in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has never been studied. Methods This study was conducted on 25 rabbits. Five animals were in the control group (GI; n = 5), five in the sham group (GII; n = 5), and 15 in the study group (GIII; n = 15). After injection of 1 cc serum saline into the cisterna magna in the sham group, and autologous blood in the SAH group, the animals were followed for 3 weeks. All animals underwent a retinal examination five times a week for 3 weeks before and after the experiment. After the experiment, the neuron density of PPGs of the facial nerves, vasospasm index (VSI) of OpAs, and total basal surface values of the detached retinal parts (DRPs) were calculated. Results In the funduscopic examination, intravitreous hemorrhage ( Terson's syndrome) was detected in four animals in the SAH group. In the control groups, neuron density was 12,000 ± 1,240/mm3, VSI = 0.345 ± 0.076, and DRP = 0 to 1.5 mm2. Mean neuron density was 9,450 ± 940/mm3, VSI = 1.645 ± 0.940, and DRP = 6.23 ± 1.61 mm2 in the sham group (p < 0.05). Neuron density was 6,890 ± 932/mm3, VSI = 2.92 ± 0.97, and DRP = 9.43 ± 2.54 mm2 in SAH group. Conclusion Mean neuron density, VSI of OpAs, and DRP values differed statistically significant between the SAH group and other groups (p < 0.005). There is an inverse relationship between PPG neurons and DRP. However, a direct relationship was observed between the mean VSI and DRP values.

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Reintroduction of the Rat for Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with Accelerated Clot Formation: A Low Mortality Model with Persistent Clots as a Precondition for Studies in Vasospasm

Abstract: The injection of blood together with tissue factor significantly improves SAH induction in the rat model. This rat model allows studying delayed SAH effects as found in humans.

Cited by 2 publications

References 40 publications

The ESAS-score: A histological severity grading system of subarachnoid hemorrhage using the modified double hemorrhage model in rats

The ESAS-score: A histological severity grading system of subarachnoid hemorrhage using the modified double hemorrhage model in rats

Describing a New Mechanism of Retinal Detachment Secondary to Ophthalmic Artery Vasospasm Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Experimental Study

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