Reinvestigation of positional distribution of tetracosahexaenoic acid in triacyl-sn-glycerols of flathead flounder flesh

Abstract

Positional distribution of fatty acids in triacyl-sn-glycerols (TAG) of flathead flounder Hippoglossoides dubius has been reinvestigated in order to accurately determine the contents of tetracosahexaenoic acid (24:6n-3) in the sn-1, sn-2, and sn-3 positions. Flesh TAG

Occurrence of all-cis-5,8,11,14,17,20,23-hexacosaheptaenoic acid (26:7n-3) in roughscale sole Clidoderma asperrimum flesh lipids

“…Their equivalent chain lengths (ECLs) on FAMEWAX at 240°C were 26.14 and 28.30, for peak A and B, respectively. The ECL of peak A was in fair agreement with that of 24:6n-3, which was previously found in flathead flounder [18,19] and brittle star [20,21]. The component of peak B was confirmed to be hexacosaheptaenoic acid (26:7) since the mass number of the molecular ion peak obtained under high-resolution conditions agreed with that calculated for a 26:7 methyl ester; the m/z found was 396.30280, and the value calculated was 396.30283 for C 27 H 40 O 2 .…”

“…Baltic herring include those up to C28 [14][15][16], some of which are represented in the fatty acids of the predatory ringed seal [17]. Bottom-living flathead flounder is rich in 24:6n-3 [18,19], which presumably originated from their diet of brittle star [20][21][22]. Additionally, dinoflagellates and some species of microalgae include 28:8n-3 and 28:7n-6 [4], and even-and odd-numbered VLCPUFA up to C36 were observed in a species of dinoflagellate [23,24].…”

A Comparison of the Lipid-lowering Effects of Four Different n-3 Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids in HepG2 Cells

“…For evaluating the effect of n-3HUFAs on cellular lipid synthesis, HepG2 cells were incubated with experimental media 1 BSA-DMEM with LA 50 μM , EPA 50 μM , DPA 50 μM , DHA 50 μM , or THA 50 μM , n 3 containing 18.5 KBq 1- 14 C acetic acid sodium salt 1-14 C acetate American Radiolabeled Chemicals, St. Louis, MO, USA for 24 h. After incubation, cells were washed once with 1 mL phosphate buffered saline PBS and collected in Fig. 1 Comparison of EPA, DPA, DHA, and THA structures.…”

“…In particular, the increase in blood adiponectin levels was the lowest in the EPA treatment group and the highest in the DHA treatment group; therefore, DHA is thought to be the most effective n-3HUFA for the suppression of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and atherosclerotic progression. Tetracosapentaenoic acid THA, 24:6n-3 is an n-3HUFA that is also found in fishes, including the Baltic herring Clupea harengus 13 , and flathead flounder Hippoglossoides dubius 14 . THA is also found in the brittle star Amphiura elandiformis 15 and in jellyfish Aurelaia sp.…”

Generation of Tetracosahexaenoic Acid in Benthic Marine Organisms

“…DPA is one such, and it is reported that marine mammals contain high levels of DPA 3,4 . THA is also an n-3HUFA found in marine organisms such as the Baltic herring Clupea harengus 5 , flathead flounder Hippoglossoides dubius 6 , brittle star Amphiura elandiformis 7 , Asteronyx loveni 8 , and Ophioplocus japonicas 8 , jellyfish Aurelia sp. 9 , sea lilies 8 Comanthus japonica, Tropiometra afra macrodiscus , and coelenterates Pen-…”