Rejection of MS‐2 virus by RO membranes

Adham, Samer; Gagliardo, Paul; Trussell, R. Rhodes

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1998.tb08505.x

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…However, integrity strategies currently used in full‐scale RO and NF systems are generally limited to conductivity and total organic carbon monitoring, approaches that can assess pathogen removals only up to maximum values of ~99% (2 logs). Given the capability of RO and NF membranes to provide much greater removals for viruses, Cryptosporidium oocysts, and Giardia cysts (Adham et al, 1998a; Adham et al, 1998b; Gagliardo et al, 1997), tools with higher sensitivity are needed to assess the actual pathogen removal capacity and integrity of high‐pressure membrane systems during process operation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Compared with low‐pressure (5–50 psi [34–345 kPa]) membrane processes such as MF and UF, however, relatively high‐pressure (75–1,200 psi [517–8,274 kPa]) membrane processes such as RO and NF have seen only limited use in the treatment of surface waters—mainly because of their relatively higher capital and operational costs. However, the recent promulgation of microbial and disinfection by‐product (DBP) regulations, including the Disinfectants/Disinfection By‐product Rule (USEPA, 1998a) and the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR) (USEPA, 1998b), has generated new interest in the use of high‐pressure membrane processes because RO and NF membranes can provide high removals of both pathogens and DBP precursors (Jacangelo et al, 1995; Adham et al, 1998a; Adham et al, 1998b; Gagliardo et al, 1997).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…1 M MF FS SE E q qu ua al li it ty y p pa ar ra am me et te er rs s a an nd d e ex xp pe er ri im me en nt ta al l c co on nd di it ti io on ns s f fo or r D DE ET TU U t te es st ts s a at t W Wa at te er r F Fa ac ct to or ry y 2 21 1* * However, integrity strategies currently used in full-scale RO and NF systems are generally limited to conductivity and total organic carbon monitoring, approaches that can assess pathogen removals only up to maximum values of ~99% (2 logs). Given the capability of RO and NF membranes to provide much greater removals for viruses, Cryptosporidium oocysts, and Giardia cysts (Adham et al, 1998a;Adham et al, 1998b;Gagliardo et al, 1997), tools with higher sensitivity are needed to assess the actual pathogen removal capacity and integrity of high-pressure membrane systems during process operation. This research examined the integrity of RO and NF membrane systems with respect to microbial passage using both microbial and nonmicrobial surrogates in pilot-scale tests.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Microbial removal and integrity monitoring of ro and NF Membranes

Kitiş¹,

Lozier²,

Kim³

et al. 2003

Journal AWWA

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This research investigated the integrity of reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membrane systems with respect to microbial passage using microbial (bacteriophage MS2 viruses) and nonmicrobial (Rhodamine WT [RWT] dye and fluorescent‐dyed polystyrene microspheres) surrogates. Pilot‐scale experiments were conducted with microfiltered secondary wastewater effluent and conventional process‐treated surface water. Microspheres were a more accurate predictor of MS2 removal; however, RWT showed good correlation, particularly for RO. NF and RO elements compromised via a membrane pinhole showed reduced removals for all surrogates, whereas subsequent operation of such elements increased surrogate removal (through membrane fouling). This increase was reversible by chemical cleaning for elements operated on effluent but less so for surface water. Compromising RO system integrity using cut O‐rings did not increase surrogate passage. Passage increased only when sections of the O‐rings were removed. The impact on integrity of such an O‐ring compromise was dependent on location in the RO/NF system.

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Microbial removal and integrity monitoring of ro and NF Membranes

Kitiş¹,

Lozier²,

Kim³

et al. 2003

Journal AWWA

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“…RO. Gagliardo et al (2001) and Adham et al (1998) measured removal of pathogens from reclaimed water by MF, UF, and RO. For Giardia and Cryptosporidium , all of the tested membranes exhibited> 4.7 log removal, and the actual performance may have been higher; reported values were limited by the level of detection.…”

Section: Western Corridor Recycled Water Project Keymentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought relief in South East, Queensland, Australia, provided by membrane‐reclaimed water

Freeman¹,

Bates²,

Wallis‐Lage³

et al. 2008

Journal AWWA

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Many communities across the United States and around the world are experiencing, or will experience, water supply shortages. This article discusses Queensland, Australia's holistic approach to the problem and will help utilities better understand state‐of‐the‐art water reclamation and recycling. Queensland's range of solutions to water shortages includes high‐technology equipment and effective public communications resulting in high levels of public support and “belt tightening” conservation. Part of Queensland's multifaceted approach is the Western Corridor Recycled Water Project, one of the world's largest high‐technology water recycling projects. The program involves applying micro‐ and ultramembrane filtration, reverse osmosis, and advanced oxidation to provide potable‐quality water for industrial use at major power plants, irrigation of, and, if needed, augmentation of the community's source water reservoir. Effective public communications have led to public support, which has been a key to success. Survey results for 2007 show that 71% of residents supported recycled water use and have successfully conserved water, with a per capita residential use of only 32 gpd (123 L/d), likely one of the best water saving communities in the developed world. Queensland's experience may help other communities understand the range of options that are available.

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“…However, no conclusions were made as to whether the presence of viruses was due to defective connection parts or the RO membrane structure. Inconsistent results in spiked tests performed also give an uncertainty as to the effect of different influent virus concentrations on performance of membranes (Adham et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of MS2 bacteriophage using membrane technologies

Ong

Song

et al. 2003

Water Science and Technology

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Removals of MS2 bacteriophage virus using different membrane materials under different operating pressures were investigated. The results obtained in this study suggested that a better log removal in terms of MS2 bacteriophage virus could be achieved using Polyamide RO membrane under the optimum operating pressure of 100 psi. It is further noted that variable MS2 influent concentration levels resulted in corresponding variable log removals of the bacteriophages by the Polyamide RO membrane. The presence of MS2 bacteriophage virus in the effluent could possibly be due to leakage of bacteriophages through the membranes structure. Investigations using SEM and AFM showed that there were gaps or pores present in the membrane structure which were sufficiently large for the MS2 viruses to pass through.

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Rejection of MS‐2 virus by RO membranes

Cited by 36 publications

References 1 publication

Microbial removal and integrity monitoring of ro and NF Membranes

Microbial removal and integrity monitoring of ro and NF Membranes

Drought relief in South East, Queensland, Australia, provided by membrane‐reclaimed water

Removal of MS2 bacteriophage using membrane technologies

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