Relação entre conhecimento, atitude, escolaridade e tempo de doença em indivíduos com diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Objectives: To relate the knowledge and attitudes of users with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), according to educational level and duration of disease. Methods: This was a quantitative, descriptive transversal study conducted in a Basic Health District Unit in the municipality of Ribeirão Preto, SP, in 2010. We interviewed 123 users with DM2, who met the inclusion criteria. For data collection we used: Knowledge Questionnaire (DKN-A) and Questionnaire of Psychological Attitudes about Diabetes (TA-19). Data were collected through direct interviews. For the analysis, we used the Fisher exact test. Results: The mean age was 63.87 ± 9.09 years, 4.54 ± 3.66 years of study, mean disease duration 11.18 ± 8.64 years. The education and disease duration were statistically signifi cant (p <0.01 and 0.02, respectively) for the acquisition of knowledge and readiness for self-care in diabetes. Conclusions: education and disease duration are variables that infl uence the knowledge and attitude of patients with DM2. RESUMENObjetivos: Relacionar el conocimiento y la actitud de usuarios con Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), conforme la escolaridad y el tiempo de la enfermedad. Métodos: Estudio de abordaje cuantitativo, descriptivo transversal realizado en una Unidad Básica Distrital de Salud del municipio de Ribeirão Preto, SP, en el 2010. Fueron entrevistados 123 usuarios con DM2, que reunían los criterios de inclusión. Para la recolección de los datos, fueron utilizados: Cuestionario de Conocimiento (DKN-A) y Cuestionario de Actitudes Psicológicas de la Diabetes (ATT-19). Los datos fueron obtenidos por medio de entrevista dirigida. Para el análisis, se utilizo el test Exacto de Fisher. Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 63,87±9,09 años, 4,54±3,66 años de estudio, tiempo promedio de enfermedad 11,18±8,64 años. La escolaridad y el tiempo de enfermedad se mostraron estadísticamente signifi cativos (p<0,01 e 0,02, respectivamente) para la adquisición del conocimiento y prontitud para el autocuidado en Diabetes. Conclusiones: La escolaridad y el tiempo de enfermedad son variables que infl uyen en el conocimiento y actitud del paciente con DM2. Descriptores: Diabetes mellitus tipo 2; Conocimiento; Actitud; Escolaridad

Qualidade de vida, conhecimento e atitude após programa educativo para Diabetes

“…A study conducted in Brazil identified increased knowledge of the participants on DM after participation in an educational program, however, this result was not reflected in increased attitude to the most appropriate coping strategies with the disease. (26) Authors suggested that education and disease duration can influence their attitudes, (16) however, in this study there was no significant correlation between these variables.…”

“…(12) Knowledge can be defined as a set of information that the individual needs to learn to manage their health condition. (16) To assess the knowledge, we used the Diabetes Knowledge Scale (DKN-A). This is a self-administered questionnaire containing 15 questions, with multiple choice answers on the various aspects related to general knowledge of DM.…”

“…This is a self-administered questionnaire containing 15 questions, with multiple choice answers on the various aspects related to general knowledge of DM. (16) To measure the answers there was a measurement scale in which the score ranges from 0-15, with higher scores than eight indicating high knowledge of the DM. (17) Attitude is a construct that can be understood as the probability of an individual to adopt and maintain certain standards of behavior.…”

“…(17) Attitude is a construct that can be understood as the probability of an individual to adopt and maintain certain standards of behavior. (16) The attitude of individuals with DM2 was assessed with the Diabetes Attitudes Questionnaire (ATT-19), which also allows the assessment of the psychological adjustment measure for DM. It is a self-administered questionnaire developed in response to assessment needs of psychological and emotional aspects of the disease.…”

“…The total score ranges from 19 to 95 points, a high score corresponds to a positive attitude towards the disease. (16) Health education strategy, the American Diabetes Association (2015), proposes a plan involving educational courses for self-management and support of individuals with DM, from strategies and techniques that include the provision and problem solving in education and development of skills to deal with all aspects of DM. (2) The educational program for individuals with DM2 was designed and developed taking as a reference the Type 2 Diabetes BASICS Patient Book (18) and the Type 2 Curriculum Guide.…”