Relación entre tiempos de alimentación, composición nutricional del desayuno y estado nutricional en estudiantes universitarios de Valparaíso, Chile

Abstract

Se han descrito estilos de vida poco saludables en estudiantes universitarios, como omisión del desayuno, alto consumo de comida rápida y horarios dispersos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue relacionar distintas características de la ingesta alimentaria con el estado nutricional en este grupo. Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico, donde participaron 130 jóvenes sedentarios. Se evaluó el estado nutricional y la ingesta alimentaria. Un 25% de la muestra presentó malnutrición por exceso (IMC), mientras que el 50% presentó exceso de grasa corporal. Los hombres con exceso de grasa corporal mostraron un porcentaje de adecuación significativamente menor en el aporte energético al desayuno (p= 0.021) y los sujetos (ambos sexos) con exceso de grasa corporal presentaron un porcentaje de adecuación también menor en la ingesta calórica al almuerzo en comparación con los sujetos con bajas reservas energéticas (p=0.004), y su vez, todos los sujetos consumían un exceso de energía en la merienda, independiente de su estado nutricional. Se observó también una relación dependiente entre horarios de alimentación y el porcentaje de grasa corporal (p= 0.044). Una baja ingesta energética al desayuno junto con una alta ingesta durante la merienda con intervalos de ayuno mayores a 4 horas al menos una vez al día, podrían estar asociados a un exceso de grasa corporal en estudiantes universitarios sedentarios. Palabras clave: Composición corporal; Desayuno; Estado nutricional, Estudiantes universitarios; Horarios de alimentación. ABSTRACT Unhealthy lifestyles, such as omission of breakfast, high intake of fast food, and lack of mealtime schedules, have been described among university students. The aim of this study was to relate different characteristics of food intake with the nutritional status of university students. An analytical observational study was conducted among 130 sedentary young people. Nutritional status (weight, height and body fat percentage) and food intake (24h food recall and eating habits survey) were assessed. One quarter of the sample had overweight or obesity (BMI), while 50% had excess body fat. Men with excess body fat had a lower energy intake at breakfast (p= 0.021) and the subjects (both sexes) with excess body fat had a lower calorie intake at lunch compared to subjects with low energy reserves (p= 0.004). Moreover, all subjects consumed excess energy at teatime, independent of body composition. A dependent relationship between feeding schedules and body fat percentage was observed (p= 0.044). Low energy intake at breakfast along with a high intake during teatime, with fasting intervals of more than 4 hours between meals at least once a day, could be associated with excess body fat in sedentary university students.

Dietary Patterns of Breakfast Consumption Among Chilean University Students

“…Calories represented 15.4% and 14.2%, respectively, of the total caloric requirement for the subjects, showing values below those recommended for this meal. Concha et al [71] also observed energy intakes below recommendations among university students in Valparaíso, Chile, and showed significant differences according to the body composition of participants. Specifically, participants with low and normal fat percentages, consumed close to 19% of total caloric requirement at breakfast, while participants with excess fat consumed only 8.9% of daily calories at breakfast.…”

The lived experience of undergraduate student parents: roles compatibility challenge

“…The lived experience of undergraduate student parents: roles compatibility challenge ability to fulfil their maternal/paternal role, in the construction of the previously mentioned selfconcept as a parent, and even influencing the parent-child attachment style; and on the other hand, in their self-perception as a student, which influences their academic performance. (8,20,24) When university policies recognize the unique situation of students being parents and grant them the necessary support to fulfil their dual role, the university environment has the potential to become a setting for enriching experiences that not only promote the integral development of the student, but also positively influence the development of their child and their new family (20) and contribute to a more inclusive university environment. (8,23) Various university institutions have developed specific policies designed to protect and support mothering students, however fewer initiatives exist taking into account that needs of fathering students.…”

Diferencia de los niveles de actividad física, sedentarismo y hábitos alimentarios entre universitarios de diferentes programas de la salud de una universidad privada en Bogotá, Colombia

“…Los universitarios omiten tiempos de comida, siendo el desayuno el que menos se consume y se puede deber a la falta de educación alimentaria, necesidad de adaptarse a un nuevo estilo de vida, horario de clases demandantes, calidad del sueño, sobrecarga de estudios y aspectos socioeconómicos 7,31 . Es de resaltar que cuando un adolescente omite el desayuno, puede sufrir de menor desempeño intelectual e incrementa el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades en la edad adulta (diabetes mellitus tipo 2, obesidad, enfermedad coronaria, entre otras) 32,33 .…”