Relaciones fenotipícas y genéticas entre razas tardías de maíz (Zea mays ssp. mays) nativas de la provincia de Misiones (Argentina)

Melchiorre, Pedro; Bartoloni, Norberto; Hernández, Julián

doi:10.31055/1851.2372.v55.n1.22126

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…More than 50% of the circa 56 maize landraces described for northern Argentina are native to NWA, making it one of the main diversity hotspots of the Southern Andes [ 14 , 15 ]. In accordance, the most ancient records of maize from the American Southern Cone correspond to NWA and date to 3500 years before present (BP) [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and genetic diversity of maize landraces along an altitudinal gradient in the Southern Andes

et al. 2022

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Maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) is a major cereal crop worldwide and is traditionally or commercially cultivated almost all over the Americas. The North-Western Argentina (NWA) region constitutes one of the main diversity hotspots of the Southern Andes, with contrasting landscapes and a large number of landraces. Despite the extensive collections performed by the “Banco Activo de Germoplasma INTA Pergamino, Argentina” (BAP), most of them have not been characterized yet. Here we report the morphological and molecular evaluation of 30 accessions collected from NWA, along an altitudinal gradient between 1120 and 2950 meters above sea level (masl). Assessment of morphological variation in a common garden allowed the discrimination of two groups, which differed mainly in endosperm type and overall plant size. Although the groups retrieved by the molecular analyses were not consistent with morphological clusters, they showed a clear pattern of altitudinal structuring. Affinities among accessions were not in accordance with racial assignments. Overall, our results revealed that there are two maize gene pools co-existing in NWA, probably resulting from various waves of maize introduction in pre-Columbian times as well as from the adoption of modern varieties by local farmers. In conclusion, the NWA maize landraces preserved at the BAP possess high morphological and molecular variability. Our results highlight their potential as a source of diversity for increasing the genetic basis of breeding programs and provide useful information to guide future sampling and conservation efforts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and genetic diversity of maize landraces along an altitudinal gradient in the Southern Andes

et al. 2022

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“…The following phenological traits were recorded for each plant: time (d) from germination to tassel emergence, to spike emergence and to anthesis, naming LVC-length of vegetative cycle as the time from germination to anthesis (Melchiorre et al 2006). After harvest, ears were photographed, assigned voucher numbers and deposited at the N. I. Vavilov seed bank for ex situ conservation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Guaraní's landraces grow in an area of little topographic variation and relatively stable environmental conditions. Their agronomic traits (e.g., marked differences in length of the vegetative cycle, resistance to fungi and high soil humidity) make them a potentially important source of germplasm for genetic improvement (Melchiorre et al 2006(Melchiorre et al , 2020Realini 2017;Realini et al 2016). The Guaraní communities cultivated native landraces maintaining the use of long-standing agricultural practices in small parcels (Keller 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and phenological variability of Guaraní maize germplasm from Northeastern Argentina (NEA)

Realini

Poggio²,

Alzogaray

et al. 2023

Rodriguésia

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Morphological and phenological variability of Guaraní maize germplasm from Northeastern Argentina (NEA) are potential sources of genetic resources, constituting valuable repositories of alleles associated with tolerance and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we studied the morphological and phenological variability in maize populations of 14 Guaraní landraces from NEA and analysed the relationship among them. These landraces were characterised according to the endosperm consistency of grain as Popcorn (Pc), Floury (F) and Floury with corneal periphery (F-Pc). There were inter-population differences in phenological characters as time from germination to tassel emergence, from germination to spike emergence and from germination to anthesis (length of vegetative cycle -LVC). The morphological and phenological data here reported were used to carry out a cluster analysis, in which the F and Pc populations appeared as two separate groups and the F-Pc populations were included in the F group. Thus, the well-defined F (including F-Pc) and Pc genetic pools should be prioritised within the framework of breeding plans as well as ex situ and in situ conservation programs. For these purposes it is essential the morphological, phenological and genetic characterisation the maize Guaraní landraces.

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“…More than 50% of the ca . 56 maize landraces described for northern Argentina are native to NWA, making it one of the main diversity hotspots of the Southern Andes [13,14]. In accordance, the most ancient records of maize from the American Southern Cone correspond to NWA and date to 3500 years BP [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Morphological and genetic diversity of maize landraces along an altitudinal gradient in the Southern Andes

Rivas

Gutiérrez

Defacio

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) is a major cereal crop worldwide and is traditionally or commercially cultivated almost all over the Americas. The northwestern region of Argentina (NWA) constitutes one of the main diversity hotspots of the Southern Andes, with contrasting landscapes and a large number of landraces. Despite the extensive collections performed by the "Banco Activo de Germoplasma INTA Pergamino, Argentina" (BAP), most of them have not been characterized yet. Here we report the morphological and molecular evaluation of 30 accessions collected from NWA, along an altitudinal gradient between 1120 and 2950 meters above sea level (masl). Assessment of morphological variation in a common garden allowed the discrimination of two groups, which differed mainly in endosperm type and overall plant size. Although the groups retrieved by the molecular analyses were not consistent with morphological clusters, they showed a clear pattern of altitudinal structuring. Affinities among accessions were not in accordance with racial assignments. Overall, our results revealed that there are two maize gene pools co-existing in NWA, probably resulting from various waves of maize introduction in pre-Columbian times as well as from the adoption of modern varieties by local farmers. In conclusion, the NWA maize landraces preserved at the BAP possess high morphological and molecular variability. Our results highlight their potential as a source of diversity for increasing the genetic basis of breeding programs and provide useful information to guide future sampling and conservation efforts.

show abstract

Relaciones fenotipícas y genéticas entre razas tardías de maíz (Zea mays ssp. mays) nativas de la provincia de Misiones (Argentina)

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Morphological and genetic diversity of maize landraces along an altitudinal gradient in the Southern Andes

Morphological and genetic diversity of maize landraces along an altitudinal gradient in the Southern Andes

Morphological and phenological variability of Guaraní maize germplasm from Northeastern Argentina (NEA)

Morphological and genetic diversity of maize landraces along an altitudinal gradient in the Southern Andes

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