Relapsing polychondritis

Liu, Clive M; Hata, Tissa; Swinyer, Leonard J.; Petersen, Marta J.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-4362.2003.01768.x

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…[ 22 ] When the oxygen supply exceeds the demand, hypoxia will occur. [ 23 ] The tumor oxygen partial pressure gradually increases with increasing distance from the location to the tumor center and reaches a minimum (≤10 mmHg) at the center of the tumor. [ 24 ] In some regions, tumor oxygen partial pressure is even less than 0.5% of that of normal cells (30–40 mmHg).…”

Section: Tumor Microenvironmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Therapy Strategies Based on Microenvironment‐Specific Responsive Nanomaterials

Zhang

Ding

Sun

et al. 2023

Adv Healthcare Materials

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The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and variable region characterized by hypoxia, low pH, high redox status, overexpression of enzymes, and high‐adenosine triphosphate concentrations. In recent years, with the continuous in‐depth study of nanomaterials, more and more TME‐specific response nanomaterials are used for tumor treatment. However, the complexity of the TME causes different types of responses with various strategies and mechanisms of action. Aiming to systematically demonstrate the recent advances in research on TME‐responsive nanomaterials, this work summarizes the characteristics of TME and outlines the strategies of different TME responses. Representative reaction types are illustrated and their merits and demerits are analyzed. Finally, forward‐looking views on TME‐response strategies for nanomaterials are presented. It is envisaged that such emerging strategies for the treatment of cancer are expected to exhibit dramatic trans‐clinical capabilities, demonstrating the extensive potential for the diagnosis and therapy of cancer.

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Section: Tumor Microenvironmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Therapy Strategies Based on Microenvironment‐Specific Responsive Nanomaterials

Zhang

Ding

Sun

et al. 2023

Adv Healthcare Materials

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“…Histological findings in cartilage include vacuoles in chondrocytes, loss of basophilic staining, replacement of cartilage with fibrous tissue, and perivascular polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cell infiltrates. 1,4,8,29,30 Ocular biopsies of patients with scleritis have revealed mast cells and chronic inflammatory cells in the substantia propria, while autopsied eyes in patients with episcleritis have shown mast cells, plasma cells, and lymphocytes around episcleral vessels. 18 …”

Section: Diagnosis Laboratory Findings and Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Relapsing Polychondritis: Systemic and Ocular Manifestations, Differential Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis

Yoo¹,

Chodosh²,

Dana³

2011

Seminars in Ophthalmology

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Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare systemic autoimmune disease characterized by episodic inflammation of cartilaginous tissues throughout the body. It is distinguished by recurrent bouts of inflammation, which lead to the permanent destruction of the involved structures. It can be a life-threatening, debilitating, and frightening disease and is often difficult to diagnose in its early stages. Ocular manifestations have been reported to occur in up to 65% of cases and include proptosis, eyelid edema, extraocular muscles palsy, episcleritis, scleritis, conjunctivitis, corneal infiltrate, peripheral ulcerative keratitis, corneal thinning or perforation, iridocyclitis, cataract, retinopathy, exudative retinal detachment, and optic neuritis. Corticosteroids remain the mainstay of treatment for RP; however, other treatment modalities include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, colchicine, dapsone, and immunomodulatory drugs. This article reviews the literature and summarizes the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of the systemic and ocular manifestations of RP.

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“…Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and degeneration of auricular, laryngotracheal, or nasal cartilaginous tissue, which may progress to involve connective tissue at almost any site …”

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confidence: 99%

Erythema multiforme: a rare skin manifestation of relapsing polychondritis

2013

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A 25-year-old woman, who was seven weeks pregnant, was referred to our department from the Ear, Nose and Throat Department with a 1-week history of gradually progressive, painful, red swellings on the ear (Fig. 1), along with the sudden appearance of multiple, dull pink, asymptomatic, round to oval, raised lesions over the abdomen (Fig. 2) and extremities that had emerged over the previous three days. She also complained of rhinitis and bilateral painful ankle swelling during the last two weeks, along with low-grade fever and malaise. However, she denied any visual or hearing complaints.The patient reported having experienced a similar episode of chondritis without any skin or joint symptoms during the first trimester of her last pregnancy. Her recent drug and immunization history was negative. There was no past history suggestive of herpes simplex infection.Cutaneous examination revealed bilateral, erythematous, swollen, and tender ear pinnae sparing the lobules, and multiple (n = 15) target lesions, varying in size from 1.0 9 1.0 to 3.0 9 1.5 cm, asymmetrically distributed over the abdomen and extremities. The oral and genital mucosae were spared.On general examination, bilateral ankle joint swelling and tenderness with restricted mobility was observed. Other joints were not involved. No facial deformity (saddle nose or floppy ears) was seen.Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with RP. Histopathology of a representative skin lesion revealed orthokeratosis, vacuolization of the basal epidermal layer with tagging of lymphocytes along the dermoepidermal junction, and a sparse, superficial, perivascular lymphoid infiltrate in the dermis (Fig. 3). Direct immunofluorescence findings were negative, confirming the clinical impression of erythema multiforme (EM).Further investigations were non-contributory except for findings of dimorphic anemia (hemoglobin 8 g/dl) and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (130 mm/h). Rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibody (ANA) were positive, with an ANA titer of 1 : 160 with a speckled pattern with negative anti-dsDNA antibody and LE (lupus erythematosus) cell phenomena.In view of the severity of the arthritis and chondritis, the patient was prescribed prednisolone at 0.5 mg/kg (pregnancy category C), which was tapered off within one week as she was in the early stage of pregnancy. 2,3

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Relapsing polychondritis

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Tumor Therapy Strategies Based on Microenvironment‐Specific Responsive Nanomaterials

Tumor Therapy Strategies Based on Microenvironment‐Specific Responsive Nanomaterials

Relapsing Polychondritis: Systemic and Ocular Manifestations, Differential Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis

Erythema multiforme: a rare skin manifestation of relapsing polychondritis

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