Relating diving behavior and antioxidant status: Insights from oxidative stress biomarkers in the blood of two distinct divers, Mirounga leonina and Arctocephalus australis

Focusing lung transplant: physiological and antioxidant responses and effect of allopurinol to ischemia-reperfusion oxidative stress under different inspired oxygen concentrations

“…In this regard, GSH present in a preservation fluid prevents pulmonary edema following lung transplantation in dogs [45]. In the present study pretreatment with allopurinol was also able to prevent GSH depletion associated with hyperoxia ventilation, confirming the high antioxidant capacity of this ubiquitous tripeptide, which is present in all tissues of aerobic organisms approximately in mM concentrations [11,12,14]. As already mentioned above, allopurinol and its major metabolite oxypurinol are both excellent scavengers of…”

“…Not surprisingly, these organisms possess a constitutive and relatively high antioxidant system in blood and in different organs to continuously compensate the IR insult associated with alternated surface breathing and long apnea-related ischemic periods of diving compared to nondiving mammals [12,54].…”

“…Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive oxygen species (RNS) overgeneration have been associated with IR injury in different organs [3][4][5][7][8][9][10][11]. Several characteristics and consequences of IR pathological events are present in different organs and tissues, including lung, however ROS overgeneration and the consequent oxidative stress (OS) seem to be a common response always present in such cases [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Oxidative Status Profile in Different Tissues of Parastacus brasiliensis promatensis (Crustacea, Decapoda, Parastacidae) over a Seasonal Cycle

“…Despite its importance as a source of energy substrate during the reproductive period, in P. brasiliensis promatensis , the hepatopancreas did not exhibit increased enzyme activity levels in spring, except for GST, which tended to increase ( P > 0.05) during this period. It bears stressing that GST participates in endobiotic and xenobiotic biotransformation during phase II metabolism and catalyzes conjugation of glutathione to the oxidized products of phase I metabolism, thus facilitating their excretion (Righetti et al., ); this suggests a greater degree of tolerance in the hepatopancreas during this season. SOD activity increased significantly ( P < 0.05) during the autumn months and remained active during the remaining seasons.…”

“…Therefore, food quality or availability could affect adaptive response to oxidative stress (Costantini, 2008(Costantini, , 2014. Glutathione S-transferase (GST), in turn, acts in the degradation of alkylating agents, participating in endobiotic and xenobiotic biotransformation during phase II of metabolism, catalyzing conjugation of glutathione to the oxidized products of phase I metabolism and thus facilitating their excretion (Righetti et al, 2014). This enzyme is a good indicator of tolerance to environmental pollution in many species, as it is protective against the harmful effects of xenobiotics (Kurelec and Pivčevic,'91;Cogo et al, 2009).…”