Relation between bispectral index and plasma catecholamines after oral diazepam premedication

Hirota, Kazuyoshi; Matsunami, K; Kudo, T; Ishihara, Hironori; Matsuki, Akitomo

doi:10.1097/00003643-199908000-00004

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This would avoid the need for sedative premedication with its associated side-effects. BIS has been shown to correlate with clinically assessed sedation levels and is useful for differentiating adequate from inadequate sedation [13][14][15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acupressure for prevention of pre‐operative anxiety: a prospective, randomised, placebo controlled study

Agarwal¹,

et al. 2005

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SummaryPre‐operative anxiety is associated with many unwanted effects such as increased analgesic and anaesthetic requirement, postoperative pain and prolonged hospital stay. In the present study, we investigated the effects of acupressure on pre‐operative anxiety and bispectral index (BIS) values. Seventy‐six adults, ASA grade I and II, undergoing elective surgery, were randomly assigned to two equal groups. Group 1 (control) received acupressure at an inappropriate site and group 2 (acupressure) received acupressure at extra 1 point. The study was conducted during the pre‐operative period and the duration of the study was 40 min (acupressure was applied for 10 min and thereafter patients were observed for another 30 min). Anxiety was recorded on a visual stress scale (VSS) at the start of the study and thereafter at 10 and 40 min. BIS was recorded at 0, 2, 5, 10, 12, 15, 30 and 40 min. The VSS decreased in both groups following pressure application for 10 min: median VSS (interquartile range) were 5 (1) vs. 8 (1) in the acupressure and 7 (0) vs. 8 (1) in the control groups (p < 0.001). Both pre‐operative anxiety and BIS decreased significantly during acupressure application at extra 1 point (p < 0.001). Acupressure is effective in decreasing both pre‐operative anxiety and BIS; however, these effects are not sustained 30 min following release of acupressure. Further studies are needed to elucidate the duration for which acupressure is effective.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acupressure for prevention of pre‐operative anxiety: a prospective, randomised, placebo controlled study

Agarwal¹,

et al. 2005

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“…These results suggested that SGB can induce a sedative effect in humans. Also, these results can be explained by the reduction of NE levels in the brain 70 . The analgesic mechanism of PRF is not very clear, but temperature changes are not responsible for pain relief.…”

Section: Analgesic Mechanisms Of Sgimentioning

confidence: 99%

Stellate ganglion intervention for chronic pain: A review

Luo

Wen

Tan

et al. 2022

Ibrain

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Stellate ganglion (SG) intervention is currently widely being studied in many kinds of chronic pain. As one of the convenient ways to treat the sympathetic nervous system, the indications for stellate ganglion intervention (SGI) include complex regional pain syndrome, postherpetic neuralgia, cancer pain of different origins, orofacial pain, and so forth. SGI refers to the reversible or irreversible blocking of the cervical sympathetic trunk, cervical sympathetic ganglion, and their innervation range through noninvasive or minimally invasive treatment. Current treatment options include stellate ganglion block (SGB), SG pulsed radiofrequency, continuous radiofrequency treatment, and noninvasive SGB. In particular, SGB continues to be one of the most studied methods in chronic pain management. However, a single SGB usually provides only short-term effects; repeated SGB may result in complications such as hoarseness, light-headedness, and vessel or nerve injury. Meanwhile, the mechanism of SGI is still unclear. This review discusses the research progress of SGI methods, effectiveness, complications, and possible mechanisms in the management of chronic pain.chronic pain, pulse radiofrequency, stellate ganglion, stellate ganglion block | INTRODUCTIONChronic pain is defined as pain that persists or recurs for more than 3 months, usually accompanied by negative emotions including anxiety and/or depression. 1 Chronic pain severely affects not only physical and mental health but also places a huge economic burden on the family and society. The incidence of chronic pain is reported to be over 30% in China. 2 Current conventional methods for the treatment of chronic pain include drug therapy, minimally invasive therapy, psychotherapy, and physical therapy. 3 However, research has found that sympathetic nerves are involved in the maintenance of many kinds of chronic pain. 4 Therefore, inhibition of sympathetic hyperexcitability may improve the therapeutic effect, which may be related to the involvement of sympathetic nerves in regulating glial inflammation. 5 Among them, intervention of stellate ganglion (SG) is effective for pain in the head, face, neck, upper limbs, or upper chest. In this review, we summarize the clinical evidence available for the effectiveness of stellate ganglion intervention (SGI), and demonstrate clinical applications of SGI.

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“…den Sedierungsgrad quantifiziert. Für den bispektralen Index (BIS) konnte ebenfalls gezeigt werden, dass eine relativ einfache und genaue Abschätzung des Sedierungsgrades möglich ist sowie BIS-Werte mit Plasmaspiegeln von Stresshormonen und Katecholaminen nach oraler Applikation von Benzodiazepinen korrelieren [11,12] …”

Section: Hintergrundunclassified

“…Solange aber verschiedene Studien inkonsistente Zusammenhänge zwischen BIS-Werten und einem adäquaten Sedierungsgrad aufzeigen[25] und BISWerte auch von der Patiententemperatur sowie der elektromyographischen Aktivität beeinflusst werden[12,26], bleibt die Wertigkeit des BIS-Monitors zur Beurteilung einer angemessenen präoperativen Sedierungstiefe kontrovers. Einige Limitationen der Studie sollen im Folgenden erwähnt werden.…”

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