Salivary markers could serve as potential noninvasive markers in the diagnosis of neonatal infections. We aimed to investigate the diagnostic role of salivary and serum interleukin 10 (IL-10), C-reactive protein (CRP), mean platelet volume (MPV), and CRP/MPV ratio in the diagnosis of late-onset neonatal sepsis in full-term neonates. Seventy full-term neonates were enrolled in this prospective case-control study, 35 with late-onset neonatal sepsis, and 35 controls. Salivary IL-10, serum IL-10, and CRP concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Complete blood (CBC) count was measured by an automated blood cell counter. The salivary IL-10, serum IL-10, CRP, MPV, and CRP/MPV ratio levels were much higher in neonates with late-onset sepsis than in control (
220
±
150
vs.
18
±
9
pg
/
ml
,
P
<
0.001
), (
316
±
198
vs.
23.7
±
14
pg
/
ml
,
P
<
0.001
), (
78.2
±
34
vs.
3.3
±
1.7
mg
/
L
,
P
<
0.001
), (
11.2
±
0.9
vs.
8.6
±
0.4
fL
), and (
7.08
±
3.3
vs.
0.4
±
0.2
,
P
<
0.001
), respectively. At the cutoff point of >31 pg/ml, salivary IL-10 showed 97.1% sensitivity and 94.3% specificity. Serum IL-10 at a cutoff value of ≥33.6 pg/ml had a sensitivity of 97.1% and specificity of 80%. MPV showed a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 94.4% at a
cutoff
value
≥
9.2
fL
. CRP/MPV ratio showed a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97.1% at a
cutoff
value
>
0.9
. Salivary and serum IL-10 showed a positive correlation with CRP and CRP/MPV ratio in septic neonates. The current study shows for the first time that both salivary IL-10 and CRP/MPV showed statistically significant differences between neonates with late-onset sepsis and controls. Accordingly, salivary IL-10 could serve as a potential noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis of late-onset sepsis in full-term neonates.