Relation between some haematological abnormalities, degree of immunosuppression and viral load in treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients

Abstract

This cross-sectional study at a teaching hospital in north-eastern Nigeria estimated the prevalence of anaemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia in treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients (177 males and 316 females), and the associations with virological and immunological markers. The overall prevalences of anaemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were 49.5%, 5.5% and 4.5% respectively. The prevalence of anaemia was significantly higher in males than females (61.6% versus 42.7%), while the rates of leukopenia (5.1% versus 5.7%) and thrombocytopenia (5.7% versus 3.8%) were similar. Almost two-thirds of the HIV treatment-naïve studied patients, 293/493 (59.4%), had cytopenia and would require antiretroviral drugs. AIDS was diagnosed by clinical or immunological criteria in 70% of patients. The degree of cytopenia was directly related to the degree of immunosuppression and clinical AIDS status. No relationship was observed between cytopenia and viral load.

Evaluation of Hematological Parameters in HIV Reactive Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy and Treatment Naïve Patients: A Comparative Study

“…This was probably due to improvement of hemoglobin concentration after antiretroviral therapy. This was in concordance with study conducted by Denue et al, [12] with mean hemoglobin value of 11.89±1.61g/dl in ART experienced patients and mean hemoglobin of 9.76±2.82g/dl in ART naïve patients. RBC indices: Mean value of MCV (mean corpuscular volume) in the present study was 83.31±7.30fl in treatment naïve HIV reactive patients and 89.40±8.34fl in patients on ART which was significantly higher (p value: 0.001).…”

Gender-Based Differences In Hematological and Cd4+ T-Lymphocyte Counts among HIV-Patients in Ido-Ekiti

“…4,6 Similar to previous studies by Bamlaku et al, 30 Denue et al, 31 Yakubu et al, 32 Ibrahim et al 33 they reported high prevalence of HIV infection among female. [31][32][33][34] This study supported the fact that Women are at a greater physiological risk of contracting HIV than men because women have a greater mucosal surface area exposed to pathogens and infectious fluid for longer periods during sexual intercourse 8 especially when exposed to unprotected heterosexual intercourse. Hormones such as progesterone are reported to be playing a role in a woman's biological vulnerability to HIV infection.…”

Erythrocyte indices, anaemia levels and types in Kenyan injection and non-injection substance users

“…For instance, HIV infections cause alterations in the hematologic measures. Anaemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia are the most frequent hematologic manifestation in HIV-infected individuals (46,50,51). In addition, CD4 + T-helper lymphocyte counts are decreased in HIV infection; with lower CD4-counts exhibited in HIV-infected persons compared to HIV-uninfected individuals.…”

“…It is, therefore, possible that these derangements in the haematologic and immune profiles are exacerbated in HIV-positive substance users. (46,50,51). Immune status is an important marker of HIV disease progression and a strong determinant for the initiation of therapy (59).…”

“…HIV-1 viral load in-conjunction with immunosuppression have been utilized as markers of HIV disease progression and the initiation of antiretroviral therapy treatment (59,61–65). HIV-1 disease progression has been observed to increase in heroin abusers (4,50,66). Routine hematologic and immune status evaluations guide disease classification and quality management of patients.…”