Relation between vaginal and endocervical pH in patients undergoing cold-knife conization and hysterectomy

Murta, Eddie Fernando Cândido; Perfeito, Paula B.; Oliveira, Tânia M. de; Michelin, Márcia Antoniazi; Maluf, Paulo José

doi:10.1007/s00404-007-0420-7

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Murta et al (2007) measured the vaginal and the endocervical pH using a digital pH meter and concluded that endocervical pH was 5, 4 and it was different from posterior vaginal fornix with pH =4.9 [25]. Accordingly, we found a statistically significant association between pH and HPV in this study, where women with a pH >4.5 in posterior vaginal fornix (mean = 5.4) were predisposed to the appearance of HPV infections ( P = 0.031) [18, 26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Cytokines in Endocervical Secretion and Vaginal pH from Women with Bacterial Vaginosis or Human Papillomavirus

Campos

Murta

Michelin

et al. 2012

ISRN Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Objective. To verify the relationship between vaginal pH and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and to measure cytokine levels in endocervical secretions of women with bacterial vaginosis (BV) or HPV. Methods. 173 women (16–48 years old) were enrolled and divided into groups: BV, HPV, and controls. Microbiological culture and vaginal pH were measured. HPV detect by PCR, and cytokines by ELISA (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ cytokines). Results. Of 173 women, 60 were control group (34.7%) and 113 were distributed in HPV (n=36, 20.8%), BV (n=36, 20.8%), vaginitis (n=30, 17.3%) and, BV and HPV-associated groups (n=11, 6.4%). Vaginal pH > 4.5 was related with HPV infection. IL-2 and IL-12 were increased in BV and HPV groups, and IL-6 (only BV group), compared to control group. IL-12 and IFN-γ were higher in HPV than BV group. Conclusion. The increase of vaginal pH was associated with HPV infection; BV and HPV groups had a Th1 cytokines immune response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Cytokines in Endocervical Secretion and Vaginal pH from Women with Bacterial Vaginosis or Human Papillomavirus

Campos

Murta

Michelin

et al. 2012

ISRN Obstetrics and Gynecology

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“…Thus, it seems that both the carbonic acid and bicarbonate forms are used as germinants. Since healthy females have a vaginal pH below 4.5 (22,41), all bicarbonate forms would be protonated to the carbonic acid form, and C. sordellii spores would not be able to germinate under these conditions. Bacteria vaginosis is the most common vaginal infection during the reproductive years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Requirements for Germination ofClostridium sordelliiSporesIn Vitro

Ramírez

Abel-Santos

2010

J Bacteriol

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Clostridium sordellii is a spore-forming, obligately anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium that can cause toxic shock syndrome after gynecological procedures. Although the incidence of C. sordellii infection is low, it is fatal in most cases. Since spore germination is believed to be the first step in the establishment of Bacilli and Clostridia infections, we analyzed the requirements for C. sordellii spore germination in vitro. Our data showed that C. sordellii spores require three structurally different amino acids and bicarbonate for maximum germination. Unlike the case for Bacilli species, D-alanine had no effect on C. sordellii spore germination. C. sordellii spores germinated only in a narrow pH range between 5.7 and 6.5. In contrast, C. sordellii spore germination was significantly less sensitive to temperature changes than that of the Bacilli. The analysis of the kinetics of C. sordellii spore germination showed strong allosteric behavior in the binding of L-phenylalanine and L-alanine but not in that of bicarbonate or L-arginine. By comparing germinant apparent binding affinities to their known in vivo concentrations, we postulated a mechanism for differential C. sordellii spore activation in the female reproductive tract.

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“…The physiological and anatomical features of the vagina should be respected when designing a vaginal formulation [ 7 ]. Since the healthy vaginal pH is slightly acidic [ 23 ] and increases during infections [ 2 ], the application of a formulation exerting a suitable pH value can be beneficial for local therapy of aerobic vaginitis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Approach for the Treatment of Aerobic Vaginitis: Azithromycin Liposomes-in-Chitosan Hydrogel

et al. 2023

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Biocompatible mucoadhesive formulations that enable a sustained drug delivery at the site of action, while exhibiting inherent antimicrobial activity, are of great importance for improved local therapy of vaginal infections. The aim of this research was to prepare and evaluate the potential of the several types of azithromycin (AZM)-liposomes (180–250 nm) incorporated into chitosan hydrogel (AZM-liposomal hydrogels) for the treatment of aerobic vaginitis. AZM-liposomal hydrogels were characterized for in vitro release, and rheological, texture, and mucoadhesive properties under conditions simulating the vaginal site of application. The role of chitosan as a hydrogel-forming polymer with intrinsic antimicrobial properties was explored against several bacterial strains typical for aerobic vaginitis as well as its potential effect on the anti-staphylococcal activity of AZM-liposomes. Chitosan hydrogel prolonged the release of the liposomal drug and exhibited inherent antimicrobial activity. Additionally, it boosted the antibacterial effect of all tested AZM-liposomes. All AZM-liposomal hydrogels were biocompatible with the HeLa cells and demonstrated mechanical properties suitable for vaginal application, thus confirming their potential for enhanced local therapy of aerobic vaginitis.

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Relation between vaginal and endocervical pH in patients undergoing cold-knife conization and hysterectomy

Abstract: We concluded that recent hysterectomy does not alter vaginal pH and that vaginal and endocervical pH values are related.

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Evaluation of Cytokines in Endocervical Secretion and Vaginal pH from Women with Bacterial Vaginosis or Human Papillomavirus

Evaluation of Cytokines in Endocervical Secretion and Vaginal pH from Women with Bacterial Vaginosis or Human Papillomavirus

Requirements for Germination ofClostridium sordelliiSporesIn Vitro

A Novel Approach for the Treatment of Aerobic Vaginitis: Azithromycin Liposomes-in-Chitosan Hydrogel

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