Relation between various chromium compounds and some other elements in fumes from manual metal arc stainless steel welding.

Matczak, W; Chmielnicka, Jadwiga

doi:10.1136/oem.50.3.244

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Studies of workers exposed to chromium have been carried out to determine the relation between urinary chromium and various chromium forms (Mutti et al, 1979(Mutti et al, , 1984Matczak et al, 1990Matczak et al, , 1995Matczak and Chmielnicka, 1993). Suggestive evidence that low-dose exposure to chromium has adverse e!ects on the kidney arises from the binding of low-molecular-weight proteinuria in chromium workers (Chromium, WHO, 1988;Ducros, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Essential Elements as Early Indicators of Hexavalent Chromium Nephrotoxicity

Chmielnicka

Swietlicka

Nasiadek

2002

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Essential Elements as Early Indicators of Hexavalent Chromium Nephrotoxicity

Chmielnicka

Swietlicka

Nasiadek

2002

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…The high variability may be attributed to large sample sizes 25,26) or to the fact that one study was on flux-cored welders 23) , as the fluxcored process is known to create generally higher and more variable exposures than processes using shielding gas. The high concentrations of Cr and Ni reported may also have been related to process parameters or may have been related to welding on high Cr and Ni containing stainless steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal Exposure to Metal Fume, NO2, and O3 among Production Welders and Non-welders

et al. 2011

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The objective of this study was to characterize personal exposures to welding-related metals and gases for production welders and non-welders in a large manufacturing facility. Welding fume metals and irritant gases nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and ozone (O 3 ) were sampled for thirty-eight workers. Personal exposure air samples for welding fume metals were collected on 37 mm open face cassettes and nitrogen dioxide and ozone exposure samples were collected with diffusive passive samplers. Samples were analyzed for metals using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and welding fume metal exposure concentrations were defined as the sum of welding-related metals mass per volume of air sampled. Welding fume metal exposures were highly variable among similar types of welding while NO 2 and O 3 exposure were less variable. Welding fume metal exposures were significantly higher 474 μ g/m 3 for welders than non-welders 60 μ g/m 3 (p=0.001). Welders were exposed to higher concentrations of NO 2 and O 3 than non-welders but the differences were not statistically significant. Welding fume metal exposure concentrations for welders performing gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) were higher than welders performing gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Non-welders experienced exposures similar to GTAW welders despite a curtain wall barrier separating welding and non-welding work areas.

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“…Environmental agencies in the United States and abroad have set exposure limits to protect welders and have developed tools for estimating risk to individuals beyond a facility's fence line. In the absence of specific emission measurements, emission factors (EFs) have been used to predict welder exposure 1 and to estimate emission rate and release characteristics. 2 The primary objective of this paper is to present an overview of the procedures developed for deriving welding EFs that can be used for performing residual risk analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Welding Emission Factors for Cr and Cr(VI) with a Confidence Level

Serageldin

Reeves

2009

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Knowledge of the emission rate and release characteristics is necessary for estimating pollutant fate and transport. Because emission measurements at a facility's fence line are generally not readily available, environmental agencies in many countries are using emission factors (EFs) to indicate the quantity of certain pollutants released into the atmosphere from operations such as welding. The amount of fumes and metals generated from a welding process is dependent on many parameters, such as electrode composition, voltage, and current. Because test reports on fume generation provide different levels of detail, a common approach was used to give a test report a quality rating on the basis of several highly subjective criteria; however, weighted average EFs generated in this way are not meant to reflect data precision or to be used for a refined risk analysis. The 95% upper confidence limit (UCL) of the unknown population mean was used in this study to account for the uncertainty in the EF test data. Several parametric UCLs were computed and compared for multiple welding EFs associated with several mild, stainless, and alloy steels. Also, several nonparametric statistical methods, including several bootstrap procedures, were used to compute 95% UCLs. For the nonparametric methods, a distribution for calculating the mean, standard deviation, and other statistical parameters for a dataset does not need to be assumed. There were instances when the sample size was small and instances when EFs for an electrode/process combination were not found. Those two points are addressed in this paper. Finally, this paper is an attempt to deal with the uncertainty in the value of a mean EF for an electrode/process combination that is based on test data from several laboratories. Welding EFs developed with a defined level of confidence may be used as input parameters for risk assessment.

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Relation between various chromium compounds and some other elements in fumes from manual metal arc stainless steel welding.

Abstract: For the years [1987][1988][1989][1990]

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Essential Elements as Early Indicators of Hexavalent Chromium Nephrotoxicity

Essential Elements as Early Indicators of Hexavalent Chromium Nephrotoxicity

Personal Exposure to Metal Fume, NO2, and O3 among Production Welders and Non-welders

Development of Welding Emission Factors for Cr and Cr(VI) with a Confidence Level

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