Relation of Age, Sex, and Mating of Macrosteles fascifrons to Transmission of Aster Yellows

Swenson, K. G.

doi:10.1094/phyto-61-657

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In addition to an increased frequency of phloem contacts, a higher number of sustained phloem ingestion events as well as longer phloem ingestion events were observed for females, suggesting that they ingest phloem sap more actively than males. These results are consistent with related studies where increased phloem ingestion by females has been observed in other psyllid species as well as other hemipterans such as whiteflies, planthoppers, leafhoppers and thrips (Swenson et al 1971;Narayana et al 1996;Van de Wetering et al 1998;Serikawa 2011;Ning et al, 2015). Increased phloem ingestion could be explained because females commonly require a high amount of nutrients to supply energetically costly processes such as egg production (Swenson et al 1971;Nissinen et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…These results are consistent with related studies where increased phloem ingestion by females has been observed in other psyllid species as well as other hemipterans such as whiteflies, planthoppers, leafhoppers and thrips (Swenson et al 1971;Narayana et al 1996;Van de Wetering et al 1998;Serikawa 2011;Ning et al, 2015). Increased phloem ingestion could be explained because females commonly require a high amount of nutrients to supply energetically costly processes such as egg production (Swenson et al 1971;Nissinen et al 2014). As a result, this increased phloem ingestion would result in increased efficiency to acquire a phloem-restricted pathogen such as Lso.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Sex-specific probing behaviour of the carrot psyllid Bactericera trigonica and its implication in the transmission of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’

2016

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Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso)' is a pathogen of Solanaceae but also causes serious physiological disorders in carrots and celery (Apiaceae). In carrots, this pathogen is transmitted by the psyllids Bactericera trigonica and Trioza apicalis. How vector sex influences Lso transmission has not been yet elucidated. Here we report the probing behaviours of male and female B. trigonica and their impact on Lso titre transmitted, percentage of transmission, and symptoms produced on carrots when Lso is transmitted by males or females of B. trigonica. Vector sex affected the inoculation of Lso; our results suggest that females might inoculate higher Lso titres than males. However, the percentage of transmission was not affected by vector sex at a density of one or eight psyllids per plant. The number of yellow leaves and root weight were not different when Lso was transmitted by males or females at either of the psyllid densities tested, except for groups of females whose Lso transmission resulted in a higher number of yellow leaves than did Lso transmitted by groups of males. Electrical penetration graphs (EPG) showed that the proportion of individuals who reached phloem tissues was similar for males and females. However, EPGs also showed that females probed more times, ingested longer from phloem sieve elements and reached phloem tissues more frequently than did males during an 8-h inoculation access period (IAP). Our study shows that differences in probing behaviours between males and females of B. trigonica could modulate how Lso is inoculated by psyllids. These results highlight the importance of taking sex into consideration in psyllid studies of probing behaviour and bacterial transmission.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Sex-specific probing behaviour of the carrot psyllid Bactericera trigonica and its implication in the transmission of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’

2016

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“…These differences could be explained by different behaviour. Females need more nutrients than males for egg production (Swenson, 1971) and are less mobile because of egg-laying (Horton et al, 1994). This behaviour was also seen under laboratory conditions, where females fed for longer periods of time on the sucrose medium in the microcentrifuge tubes, with a consequently better PD transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Role of Cacopsylla pyri in the epidemiology of pear decline in Spain

García-Chapa¹,

Sabaté²,

Laviña³

et al. 2005

Eur J Plant Pathol

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The frequency of pear decline-positive insects and transmission of pear decline (PD) phytoplasma by Cacopsylla pyri in Spain has been studied. Psyllids were used for experiments on phytoplasma transmission both to healthy Pyrus communis trees and to an artificial feeding medium. Over a period of 1 year, about 100 psyllids were collected monthly from pear trees, cv. Williams, using the beating tray method, and tested for the presence of PD phytoplasma. Results indicate that the frequency of PD positive psyllids changes through the year and that C. pyri transmits the pear decline associated disease agent. Phytoplasma transmission was also effective under laboratory conditions using a feeding medium. The relationship between PD positive Cacopsylla pyri, Pear decline phytoplasma transmission and the sex of the vector was also evaluated. Although the percentage of PD positive psyllids was similar in both genders, PD phytoplasma transmission by females was significantly higher than by males. Since the sex ratio (male/female) was less than 1:1 for most of the year, these results should be taken into consideration for controlling Pear decline in Mediterranean climates.

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“…Although the feeding behavior documented here helps explain why Q and B females may transmit virus more efficiently than Q and B males, this difference between the sexes can also have other explanations. Chiykowski (1967) 25 proposed that females of the aster leafhopper must spend more time feeding than males because they support ovarial development and because they are generally larger than males 26 . An increase in feeding time would result in increased opportunities for females to acquire virus from infected plants and to transmit virus to healthy plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus by Bemisia tabaci as Affected by Whitefly Sex and Biotype

Wang

Shi

Liu

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Bemisia tabaci is a serious pest of vegetables and other crops worldwide. The most damaging and predominant B. tabaci biotypes are B and Q, and both are vectors of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). Previous research has shown that Q outperforms B in many respects but comparative research is lacking on the ability of B and Q to transmit viruses. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that B and Q differ in their ability to transmit TYLCV and that this difference helps explain TYLCV outbreaks. We compared the acquisition, retention, and transmission of TYLCV by B and Q females and males. We found that Q females are more efficient than Q males, B females, and B males at TYLCV acquisition and transmission. Although TYLCV acquisition and transmission tended to be greater for B females than B males, the differences were not statistically significant. Based on electrical penetration graphs determination of phloem sap ingestion parameters, females fed better than males, and Q females fed better than Q males, B females, or B males. These results are consistent with the occurrences of TYLCV outbreaks in China, which have been associated with the spread of Q rather than B.

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Relation of Age, Sex, and Mating of Macrosteles fascifrons to Transmission of Aster Yellows

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

Sex-specific probing behaviour of the carrot psyllid Bactericera trigonica and its implication in the transmission of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’

Sex-specific probing behaviour of the carrot psyllid Bactericera trigonica and its implication in the transmission of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’

Role of Cacopsylla pyri in the epidemiology of pear decline in Spain

Transmission of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus by Bemisia tabaci as Affected by Whitefly Sex and Biotype

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