Relation of expired carbon monoxide to smoking history, lapsed time, TLCO measurement and passive smoking

Leitch, DN; Harkawat, R; Askew, Judah; Masel, P.; Hendrick, DJ

doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2004.03.027

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Leitch et al [38] concluded that the lapse of 1 h after cigarette smoking and the measurement of D l C O exerted not mild but important influences on the expired CO level, but that passive smoking did not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

North-African Reference Values of Alveolar Membrane Diffusion Capacity and Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume

et al. 2010

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Background: In North-African adults, location-specific reference values for membrane diffusion capacity (D_m) and pulmonary capillary blood volume (V_c) were needed. Objectives: To verify the applicability of previously published reference equations for D_m and V_c in North-African healthy adults (age >18 years) and to determine specific reference equations for North Africa. Methods: The study was designed as a prospective cross-sectional study. Anthropometric data (age, height, weight and body mass index) and D_m and V_c were assessed in 85 healthy Tunisian adults. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine reference equations and to calculate the lower limit of the normal range (LLN). Results: The mean ages ± SD (minimum – maximum) for male and female adults were 53 ± 21 (21–85) and 42 ± 16 (18–72) years, respectively. Previously published reference equations did not reliably predict measured D_m and V_c. The reference equation (r² = 47%) for D_m was –36.16 + 45.37 × height – 0.34 × age + 0.39 × weight + 7.41 × gender (0 = female and 1 = male). To calculate the D_m LLN subtract 24.36 from the reference value. The reference equation (r² = 30%) for female V_c was 94.70 – 0.57 × age, and the reference equation (r² = 52%) for male V_c was 0.82 – 0.48 × age + 52.47 × height + 0.16 × weight. To calculate the V_c LLN subtract 28.52 and 26.54 from these reference values for females and males, respectively. Conclusion: These V_c and D_m reference equations supplement the international World Bank of reference equations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

North-African Reference Values of Alveolar Membrane Diffusion Capacity and Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume

et al. 2010

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“…Participants in the normal smoking condition were required to self-report smoking in their usual manner, verified by a CO measure that was at least 75% of the CO measure obtained in the preliminary session. Participants in the abstinence condition were required to self-report 24-hr tobacco abstinence, confirmed by a CO measure of 4 ppm or less (24-hr cigarette abstinence should result in the near absence of expired CO; Leitch, Harkawat, Askew, Masel, & Hendrick, 2005). Participants in the abstinence condition that did not fulfill all criteria for abstinence were rescheduled for another day.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Probability Discounting by Cigarette Smokers Following Acute Smoking Abstinence

Landes

2012

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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Introduction: Given the lack of consensus regarding changes in temporal and probability discounting as a function of smoking abstinence in cigarette smokers, the present study comprehensively examined possible changes in these processes following a period of acute smoking abstinence consistent with elevated withdrawal symptoms and craving. Methods:Computerized temporal and probability discounting assessments were collected from cigarette smokers following normal smoking and 24-hr smoking abstinence, with the order of normal smoking and abstinence sessions counterbalanced across participants. Other conditions included commodity (money and cigarettes), sign (gains and losses), and magnitude ($50 and $1,000).Results: Twenty four-hour smoking abstinence resulted in a reduction in expired carbon monoxide to near-zero levels and increases in withdrawal and craving. Examination of discounting parameters as a function of smoking abstinence revealed a general pattern of increase in the temporal discounting of monetary gains and losses following abstinence but not in the temporal discounting of cigarettes nor probability discounting of money or cigarettes. Pearson correlations also revealed an expected pattern of significant relationships. Conclusions:The present study is a comprehensive examination of temporal and probability discounting following smoking abstinence and reveals a generalized change in intertemporal decision making for monetary rewards.

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“…Self-reports were confirmed by end-expiratory carbon monoxide (CO) measurements using EC50 Micro-Smokerlyzers (BEDFONT, Rochester, UK); 91 participants were excluded because they had an end-expiratory CO of >7 ppm, indicating that they might be smokers. [19][20][21][22] One participant was excluded because of a myocardial infarction in the previous 3 months and four because of digitalis intake in the previous 30 days. None had a cardiac pacer or anaesthesia (narcosis or spinal anaesthesia) in the 8 days prior to the ambulatory ECG recording (Figure 1).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of passive smoking on heart rate variability, heart rate and blood pressure: an observational study

Dietrich

Schwartz

Schindler

et al. 2007

International Journal of Epidemiology

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Background Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been shown to increase the risk for cardiovascular diseases and death, and autonomic dysfunction (specifically, reduced heart rate variability (HRV)) is a predictor of increased cardiac risk. This study tests the hypothesis that ETS exposure reduces HRV in the general population and discusses possible pathways. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2001 and 2003 and is part of the SAPALDIA (Swiss CohortStudy on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults) study. The analysis included 1218 randomly selected non-smokers aged 50 and above who participated in 24-h electrocardiogram recordings. Other examinations included an interview, investigating health status (especially respiratory and cardiovascular health and health relevant behaviours and exposure to ETS) and measurements of blood pressure, body height and weight. ResultsSubjects exposed to ETS at home or at work for more than 2 h/day had a difference of À15% in total power (95%CI: À26 to À3%), low frequency power (À28 to À1%), low/high frequency ratio (À26 to À3%) and À18% (À29 to À4%) in ultralow frequency power of HRV compared with subjects not exposed to ETS at home or work. We also found a 2.7% (À0.01 to 5.34%) higher heart rate during the recording in exposed subjects.Conclusions Exposure to ETS at home and work is associated with lower HRV and with higher heart rate in an ageing population. Our findings suggest that exposure to ETS increases cardiac risk through disturbances in the autonomic nervous system.

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Relation of expired carbon monoxide to smoking history, lapsed time, TLCO measurement and passive smoking

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

North-African Reference Values of Alveolar Membrane Diffusion Capacity and Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume

North-African Reference Values of Alveolar Membrane Diffusion Capacity and Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume

Temporal and Probability Discounting by Cigarette Smokers Following Acute Smoking Abstinence

Effects of passive smoking on heart rate variability, heart rate and blood pressure: an observational study

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