Relation of homocysteine to early nephropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes

Plasma homocysteine and total antioxidant status in diabetic chronic kidney disease and diabetic renal allograft recipients: effect of folic acid therapy

“…Kidney function is critical for homocysteine clearance, and hyperhomocysteinemia occurs frequently in patients with renal failure. 10,11,12 The observation of hyperhomocysteinemia in about half of our diabetic renal transplant recipients has also been reported by others. 13,14 Folic acid has been shown to lower homocysteine levels in several studies.…”

Vitamin B status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without incipient nephropathy

“…Deficiency of one or more of these cofactors results in accumulation of homocysteine [42]. Increased plasma total homocysteine levels have been observed in patients with chronic kidney disease and were associated with nephropathy in type 2 diabetes [43][44][45]. In our study, median total homocysteine was not elevated in any of the groups; in fact, the values were rather low compared to the mean homocysteine levels ranging between 9.0 and 15.1 mmol/L found in predominantly middle-aged European populations [46].…”

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy susceptibility in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…Alterations in the MTHFR gene have been implicated in the etiology of DN, especially because this gene code for an enzyme is intrinsically involved in nucleotide synthesis, DNA repair and DNA methylation and plays a pivotal role in folate and homocysteine metabolism ( Figure 1A). Recently, Li et al 68 reported that total plasma homocysteine concentration was independently associated with the occurrence of DN in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients at an early stage of the disease. Elevated homocysteine levels, predominantly caused by gene polymorphisms in key enzymes involved in homocysteine metabolism, are distinctly considered to be a risk factor for renal disease, including DN.…”