In diabetic nephropathy, glomerular hypertrophy is evident early in response to hyperglycaemia. Alterations of capillary length and vascular remodelling that may contribute to glomerular hypertrophy and the subsequent development of glomerulosclerosis remain unclear. The present study used the db/db mouse model of Type 2 diabetes to examine the glomerular microvascular changes apparent with long-term diabetic complications. Unbiased stereological methods and high-resolution light microscopy were used to estimate glomerular volume, and glomerular capillary dimensions including length and surface area in 7-month-old db/db diabetic mice and age-matched db/m control mice. The db/db diabetic mice showed significant glomerular hypertrophy, corresponding with elevated blood glucose levels, and increased body weight and kidney weight, compared with db/m control mice.

Hemorrhage is one of the hallmarks of dengue hemorrhagic fever. However, the mechanisms that cause hemorrhage are unclear. In this review we focus on the possible factors that may be involved in the disturbance of coagulation and fibrinolysis during dengue virus (DENV) infection. Factors such as autoantibodies and cytokines induced by DENV infection as well as hemostatic molecules expressed on DENV-infected cells, and DENV viral proteins may all contribute to the defect of hemostasis during DENV infection. It is the combination of these viral and host factors that may tilt the balance of coagulation and fibrinolysis toward bleeding in dengue patients.

The A1C, blood pressure, and LDL-C achievement rate of DSCP in our hospital is low. DSCP is suggestive to patients with lower duration of diabetes, high baseline A1C, systolic blood pressure, DBP, LDL-C, and low baseline high-density lipoproteins cholesterol levels. Furthermore public health efforts are needed to control risk factors for vascular disease among diabetes.

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