Relation of maternal birthweight with early pregnancy obesity, gestational diabetes, and offspring macrosomia

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate how maternal birthweight is related to early pregnancy obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and offspring birthweight. Females born term and singleton in Sweden between 1973 and 1995 (N = 305,893) were studied at their first pregnancy. Information regarding their birthweight, early pregnancy body mass index, and pregnancy complications was retrieved from the Swedish Medical Birth Register, as were data on their mothers and offspring. High maternal birthweights (2–3 standard deviation scores (SDS) and >3 SDS) were associated with greater odds of early pregnancy obesity, odds ratio (OR) 1.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42–1.63) and OR 2.06 (CI 1.71–2.49), respectively. A low maternal birthweight (<2 SDS) was associated with greater odds of GDM (OR 2.49, CI 2.00–3.12). No association was found between high maternal birthweight and GDM. A maternal birthweight 2–3 SDS was associated with offspring birthweight 2–3 SDS (OR 3.83, CI 3.44–4.26), and >3 SDS (OR 3.55, CI 2.54–4.97). Corresponding ORs for a maternal birthweight >3 SDS were 5.38 (CI 4.12–7.01) and 6.98 (CI 3.57–13.65), respectively. In conclusion, a high maternal birthweight was positively associated with early pregnancy obesity and offspring macrosomia. A low, but not a high maternal birthweight, was associated with GDM.

Effects of Maternal Obesity on Maternal-Infant Health: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Bu çalışmada, obez gebelerdegestasyonel diyabet, preeklampsive gestasyonel hipertansiyon görülme olasılığının arttığı saptanmıştır. Bu sonuçlar literatürüdesteklemektedir (7,(55)(56)(57). Bu bilgi gebeliğe ideal kilo ile başlamanın, gestasyonel diyabet, gestasyonel hipertansiyon ve preeklampsi oluşumunu önlemek, bunlara bağlı gelişebilecek komplikasyonların azaltılmasını sağlamak bakımından önemlidir.…”

“…Literatürde gebelik öncesi obezitenindoğum ağırlığı ile ilişkili olduğunu ve BKİ yükseldikçe doğum ağırlığının arttığını gösteren çalışmalar bulunmaktadır (57). Çalışmamızın bulguları da bu literatürü desteklemektedir.…”

Breast Milk and the Importance of Chrononutrition

“…Milk of overweight and obese mothers has a larger concentration of 2-AG and this may have an impact on the body mass index of the infant because of the effect of endocannabinoids on food intake and the hedonic properties of food ( 33 , 76 , 77 ). Overweight mothers give birth to overweight babies ( 78 ). Cannabinoids are involved in development, as the administration of an antagonist of the CB1 receptor within the first day after birth in mice; inhibited milk ingestion due to an impairment of the pup's suckling response ( 79 ).…”

Reproductive outcomes in women and men conceived by assisted reproductive technologies in Norway: prospective registry based study

“…26 27 Some studies indicate no differences in hormonal status or pubertal development in female offspring conceived by ART, yet some studies report differences in hormonal status and sperm quality among male offspring conceived by ART, but results are conflicting. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Finally, some adverse pregnancy outcomes recur from mother to daughter [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] or son; 36 39 41 although whether this recurrence is also present in those conceived by ART is unknown. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have examined pregnancy outcomes or fertility rates in people who were conceived using ART and their naturally conceived peers.…”