Relation of Organic Food Reserves to Cold Hardiness of Ladino Clover<sup>1</sup>

Wood, G. M.; Sprague, M. A.

doi:10.2134/agronj1952.00021962004400060009x

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Tesar and Ahlgren (1949) found percentage survival of white clover stolons was reduced when autumn defoliation was frequent. In contrast the results of Wood and Sprague (1952) agree with those from this study, i.e. cutting interval did not have a significant effect on the ability of white clover to withstand low temperatures.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The influence of autumn management and companion grass on the development of white clover over winter in mixed swards

Patterson

Laidlaw

McBRIDE

1995

Grass and Forage Science

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Three experiments designed to investigate different facets of autumn management on white clover stolon development are described. The effects of defoliation interval (2, 4. 6 and 8 weeks during 16 weeks from 27 July) were investigated. The shortest interval resulted in the shortest length of stolon material per unit area but cutting interval had no effect on growing point density nor on hardiness of stolon tips evaluated in October, December and January.Chemical grass suppressants were employed to reduce grass biomass during winter in two experiments to evaluate the influence of grass on white clover development. One experiment involved varying grass tiller density by spraying a perennial ryegrass/white clover sward in October with diree rates of three chemical suppressants (Clout, Kerb and Checkmate). Although tiller and clover growing point density were inversely related in January, the overall relationship was not strong.Clout at l-5kga.i. ha~' was sprayed in October on one of two subplots in each of twelve grazed grass/white clover plots that had been maintained at 7 or 9 cm from July to October then grazed to 3-4 cm with sheep. Sward height had no effect on clover population density but the shorter sward had a greater mean node number per secondary stolon branch. By March, suppressing grass resulted in more than double the stolon population density, a higher proportion of plants with tertiary and quaterCorrespondence: A.S. Laidlaw, Depanment of Applied Plant Science. The Queen's University of Belfast. Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK. t Prcsetit address: Sharpes International Seeds Limited. Boothby Graffoe. Lincoln LN5 OLF. UK.nary branches, and on marked stolons, five times more branches and 60% higher dry matter (DM) produced during winter but with shorter petioles compared with clover in untreated plots.It is concluded that white clover has the capacity to branch during a mild winter and as stolon branch numbers can suffer a net loss as a result of the presence of the grass canopy, management that controls grass growth during winter should aid overwintering and improve persistence of white clover.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The influence of autumn management and companion grass on the development of white clover over winter in mixed swards

Patterson

Laidlaw

McBRIDE

1995

Grass and Forage Science

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“…In the case of these populations the often-cited negative correlation between low temperature growth and winter hardiness e.g. Wood and Sprague (1952), Ronningen (1953), Cooper (1964), Eagles and Othman (1981), does not appear to exist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The relationships between stolon characteristics, winter survival and annual yields in white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

Collins

Glendining

Rhodes

1991

Grass and Forage Science

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Five white clover populations of Swiss origin and three bred varieties were grown in binary mixtures with two perennial ryegrass varieties, Aurora and S23. The seasonal yields of clover and grass plus clover were measured under a cutting regime during the second and third years after establishment. A series of destructive detailed sward measurements was made during the late autumn to spring period preceding each harvest year. In this way changes in the amounts of stolon, leaf plus petiole and numbers of growing points were monitored during the winter. There were large differences in clover yield between populations in both years. These were evident from the first (spring) harvest in each year. Higher-yielding clovers in spring tended to produce higher annual clover yields. No grass ? clover interaction was evident at any harvest. Large differences between clovers were also apparent in the morphological characteristics measured, with the Swiss material generally having greater amounts of stolon, leaf plus petiole and numbers of growing points present in early spring. It is proposed that these factors contribute to the high spring yield in the Swiss populations. Loss of stolon length over each winter was less in the Swiss material, indicating that its good spring growth was not obtained at the expense of winter hardiness. Annual clover yield was found to be significantly positively correlated with the amount of stolon present in spring, exemplifying the importance of stolon survival over the winter.Peer reviewe

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“…DM yields (kg/ha) of white clover /orchardgrass mixtures (1 cut in 1985,4 cuts 1986-88) , 33 D.F. (1985, 1986, 1988 (Wood & Sprague 1952;Decker et al 1960) in the USA where autumn cutting treatments did not significantly affect yields or survival of ladino white clover. Herbage yields of 6000-8500 kg/ha with a reduction in 1987 were consistent with early seeded orchardgrass/white clover yields in a study conducted from 1985 to 1988 in Truro, Nova Scotia, and Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island (Fraser & Kunelius 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of autumn harvest date on the performance of white clover/grass mixtures in Nova Scotia

Fraser

Sutherland

1993

J. Agric. Sci.

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SUMMARYWhite clover (Trifolium repens L.) is well adapted to the cool moist climate of Atlantic Canada, where it improves digestibility and protein content in pastures, but little is known about its role in pasture stockpiled for autumn grazing in this region. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of autumn harvest dates on dry matter yield and clover content in herbage mixtures. Two experiments conducted in Nova Scotia between 1985 and 1991 on two different soil types showed that the effects of autumn harvest dates were inconsistent from year to year. Herbage growth rates ranged from 11 to 41 kg/ha per day between early September and mid-October. Clover content was generally lower in August–early September than in November harvests and declined in subsequent years irrespective of harvest date or forage species. Kersey White and Sonja white clovers were the highest yielding cultivars. Crude protein declined in late autumn harvests whereas acid detergent fibre tended to increase, and there were differences between years. Forage quality was significantly better in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) than orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.)/white clover mixtures.

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Relation of Organic Food Reserves to Cold Hardiness of Ladino Clover¹

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

The influence of autumn management and companion grass on the development of white clover over winter in mixed swards

The influence of autumn management and companion grass on the development of white clover over winter in mixed swards

The relationships between stolon characteristics, winter survival and annual yields in white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

Effects of autumn harvest date on the performance of white clover/grass mixtures in Nova Scotia

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Relation of Organic Food Reserves to Cold Hardiness of Ladino Clover1

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

The influence of autumn management and companion grass on the development of white clover over winter in mixed swards

The influence of autumn management and companion grass on the development of white clover over winter in mixed swards

The relationships between stolon characteristics, winter survival and annual yields in white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

Effects of autumn harvest date on the performance of white clover/grass mixtures in Nova Scotia

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Relation of Organic Food Reserves to Cold Hardiness of Ladino Clover¹