Relation of puff volume to other topographical measures of smoking

Gust, Steven W.; Pickens, Roy W.; Pechacek, Terry F.

doi:10.1016/0306-4603(83)90004-7

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…When data were examined independent of smokers' sex, the subjective, physiological, and puff topography measures were similar to those that have been reported elsewhere (e.g., Herning, Jones, Benowitz, & Mines, 1983;Gust et al, 1983;Zacny & Stitzer, 1985). The observation that men take larger and longer puffs than women, frequently reported elsewhere (e.g., Battig et al, 1982;Gust et al, 1983;Hofer et al, 1991;Moody, 1980), was replicated in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Despite potential sex differences in the effects of nicotine and/or smoking-related sensorimotor stimuli, and despite oft-reported sex differences in smokers' puffing behavior (e.g., Battig, Buzzi, & Nil, 1982;Gust, Pickens, & Pechacek, 1983;Hofer, Nil, & Battig, 1991;Moody, 1980) few studies have combined subjective and physiological measures of the effects of tobacco smoking with behavioral measures of smoking in a large sample of male and female smokers. The goal of this study was to examine further the influence of smokers' sex on the effects of smoking and on smoking behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Smokers' sex and the effects of tobacco cigarettes: Subject-rated and physiological measures

Eissenberg

Adams

Riggins

et al. 1999

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

101

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Smoking tobacco cigarettes results in characteristic subject-rated and physiological effects in regular tobacco smokers. Few reports have investigated potential sex differences in the physiological and subjective effects produced by tobacco smoking, though previous reports indicate that men and women differ in their tobacco smoking behavior. Sex differences in the subjective and/or physiological effects of smoking may help determine why women find quitting smoking more difficult than men and may help guide gender-specific treatment when planning smoking cessation. This laboratory study investigated sex differences in the subjective and physiological effects of cigarette smoking and smoking behavior in men (n = 38) and women (n = 30) before, during, and after they smoked two of their usual brand of cigarettes through a flowmeter-type puff topography measurement device. Results showed that the reduction in 'desire to smoke' produced by cigarette smoking was greater in women than in men, that the physiological effects of smoking were independent of smokers' sex, and that women take smaller and shorter puffs than men. These results suggest that women may be more sensitive than men to some of the subjective but not the physiological effects of smoking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Smokers' sex and the effects of tobacco cigarettes: Subject-rated and physiological measures

Eissenberg

Adams

Riggins

et al. 1999

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

101

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“…Similarly, number of puffs per cigarette averaged 11 puffs but ranged from eight to 16 puffs. Time to smoke ranged from 232 to 414 s with an average of 351 s. In addition, large individual variability in smoking topography has been reported (Gust, Pickens, & Pechacek, 1983;Guyatt, Kirkham, Baldry, Dixon, & Cumming, 1989). Furthermore, smoking topography has been shown to differ as a function of gender (Bä ttig, Buzzi, & Mil, 1982;Eissenberg, Adams, Riggins, & Likness, 1999), personality, stress level (Lombardo & Carreno, 1987), and nicotine yield of the cigarette (Bridges et al, 1990;Djordjevic, Hoffmann, & Hoffmann, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Furthermore, smoking topography has been shown to differ as a function of gender (Bä ttig, Buzzi, & Mil, 1982;Eissenberg, Adams, Riggins, & Likness, 1999), personality, stress level (Lombardo & Carreno, 1987), and nicotine yield of the cigarette (Bridges et al, 1990;Djordjevic, Hoffmann, & Hoffmann, 1997). Two individuals may smoke the same cigarette but extract different levels of nicotine and carbon monoxide (CO) because of differences in smoking behavior (Ahijevych & Gillespie, 1997;Gust et al, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking topography: Reliability and validity in dependent smokers

Lee

Malson

Waters

et al. 2003

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

111

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Data from two studies were analyzed to determine whether smoking through the mouthpiece of a topography unit yields consistent measures over time and to verify that smoking through a mouthpiece results in a similar degree of smoke exposure as conventional smoking. In both studies, subjects smoked their usual brand of cigarette ad libitum. In study A, subjects (n=7) smoked through a mouthpiece on 4 separate experimental days. In study B, subjects (n=10) smoked on 2 separate days: Once conventionally and once through a mouthpiece. In both studies, exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) and physiological effects (heart rate and blood pressure) were measured before and after smoking. In study B, plasma nicotine concentrations also were measured. In study A, puff volume, puff duration, interpuff interval, and maximum puff velocity averaged 30.8 ml,.9 s, 19.9 s, and 44.6 ml/s, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficients computed for puff volume (0.66), puff duration (0.75), and maximum puff velocity (0.68) indicated that these measures showed good reliability. In study B, smoking through the mouthpiece yielded similar topographical (time to smoke and number of puffs per cigarette) measures as conventional smoking. Also similar were changes in biochemical values: Plasma nicotine (18.5 ng/ml vs. 25.5 ng/ml), exhaled CO (4.6 ppm vs. 5.1 ppm), and heart rate (8.6 beats/min vs. 7.4 beats/min) for conventional and topography mouthpiece smoking conditions, respectively. Topography measures did not differ significantly between the two studies. Overall, the data from these two small-sample studies suggest that smoking topography provides a valid and reliable index of conventional smoking and an indirect measure of smoke exposure.

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“…This inter-cigarette interval was selected, as it represents the average inter-cigarette interval during the smoking day (Hatsukami et al 1987), and it is short enough to ensure that smokers do not enter into a state of withdrawal, yet not too brief to cause aversive symptoms such as nausea and dizziness due to nicotine overdose from smoking too many cigarettes (Ashton 1991). Finally, because the manner in which a cigarette is smoked is an important determinant of nicotine consumption (Gust et al 1983), smoking topography measures were taken to establish whether any differences exist in smoke consumption between the two groups. It was predicted that, relative to control smokers, depressed smokers would experience greater improvements in mood and greater improvements in reaction time performance as a result of cigarette smoking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%