“…Even after controlling for variations in insurance status and income, African Americans, relative to Whites and in some cases Hispanics, are less likely to receive appropriate cardiac medication (Canto et al, 2000;Ramsey, Goff, Wear, Labarthe, & Nichaman, 1997) or to undergo coronary artery bypass surgery (Petersen, Wright, Peterson, & Daley, 2002) and are more likely to have delayed followup for ongoing care (Edelman, Gao, & Mosca, 2008). The Institute of Medicine (Smedley et al, 2003) found that White patients were nearly four times more likely than African American patients to receive cardiac bypass surgery, which helps to explain the greater mortality among African American patients (Peterson et al, 1997).…”