Relation of smoking to breast cancer by estrogen receptor status

Morabia, Alfredo; Bernstein, Martine; Ruiz, Juan Carlos; Héritier, Stéphane; Berger, Sophie Diebold; Borisch, Bettina

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19980130)75:3<339::aid-ijc2>3.0.co;2-3

Cited by 47 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…These observations suggest that active smoking may be both quantitatively and qualitatively associated with increased risk of Luminal disease and inverse risk of Basal-like breast tumors. Nevertheless, a number of previous studies have reported positive associations between smoking and ER− breast tumors [19, 25–27], while others have reported null associations between smoking and either subtype (i.e., ER+ and ER−) [28, 29] or inverse associations between smoking and the ER+ subtype [30]. It is important to note that these studies vary in population, study design, and the specific smoking measures used for their analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active smoking and risk of Luminal and Basal-like breast cancer subtypes in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study

Butler

Tse

Bell

et al. 2016

Cancer Causes Control

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Purpose Growing evidence suggests an association between active cigarette smoking and increased breast cancer risk. However, the weak magnitude of association and conflicting results have yielded uncertainty and it is unknown whether associations differ by breast cancer subtype. Methods Using population-based case–control data from phases I and II of the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, we examined associations between self-reported measures of smoking and risk of Luminal and Basal-like breast cancers. We used logistic regression models to estimate case–control odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Results Ever smoking (current and former) was associated with a weakly increased risk of Luminal breast cancer (OR 1.12, 95 % CI 0.92–1.36) and was not associated with risk of Basal-like breast cancer (OR 0.96, 95 % CI 0.69–1.32). Similarly, smoking duration of more than 20 years was associated with increased risk of Luminal (OR 1.51, 95 % CI 1.19–1.93), but not Basal-like breast cancer (OR 0.90, 95 % CI 0.57–1.43). When stratified by race, elevated odds ratios between smoking and Luminal breast cancer risk were found among black women across multiple exposure measures (ever smoking, duration, and dose); conversely, among white women odds ratios were attenuated or null. Conclusions Results from our study demonstrate a positive association between smoking and Luminal breast cancer risk, particularly among black women and women with long smoking histories. Addressing breast cancer heterogeneity in studies of smoking and breast cancer risk may elucidate associations masked in prior studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active smoking and risk of Luminal and Basal-like breast cancer subtypes in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study

Butler

Tse

Bell

et al. 2016

Cancer Causes Control

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“…Some studies have reported a positive association between ever smoking and the risk of ER + cancer (Yoo et al 1997; London et al 1989; Morabia et al 1998; Gaudet et al 2013), whereas others have reported a positive association for ER- cancer, or no association (Morabia et al 1998; Cooper et al 1989). Although studies focusing on PgR have been few, a cohort study by Manjer et al found an increased risk of PgR- cancer among ex-smokers and an increased risk of ER-/PgR- cancer among current or ex-smokers (Manjer et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk in relation to joint estrogen and progesterone receptor status: a case-control study in Japan

et al. 2014

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An association of cigarette smoking with breast cancer risk has been hypothesized. However, results from previous studies have been inconsistent. This case-control study investigated the association of cigarette smoking with breast cancer risk in terms of estrogen-receptor/progesterone-receptor (ER/PgR) status. From among female patients aged 30 years and over admitted to a single hospital in Japan between 1997 and 2011, 1,263 breast cancer cases (672 ER+/PgR+, 158 ER+/PgR-, 22 ER-/PgR+, 308 ER-/PgR- and 103 missing) and 3,160 controls were selected. History of smoking (ever, never), some smoking-related measures, and passive smoking from husbands (ever, never) were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Polytomous logistic regression and tests for heterogeneity across ER+/PgR + and ER-/PgR- were conducted. For any hormone receptor subtype, no significant association was observed between history of smoking (ever, never) and breast cancer risk. Analysis of smoking-related measures revealed that starting to smoke at an early age of ≤19 years was significantly associated with an increased risk of postmenopausal ER-/PgR- cancer (odds ratio = 7.01, 95% confidence interval: 2.07-23.73). Other measures of smoking such as the number of cigarettes per day, the duration of smoking, and start of smoking before the first birth were not associated with breast cancer risk for any receptor subtype. There was no association between passive smoking (ever, never) and breast cancer risk for any of the four subtypes. These results indicate that history of smoking and passive smoking from husbands may have no overall effect on breast cancer risk for any hormone receptor subtype. However, it is possible that women who start to smoke as teenagers may have a higher risk of developing postmenopausal ER-/PgR- cancer. Further studies are needed to clarify the association of smoking with breast cancer risk, especially the role of starting to smoke at an early age.

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“…Three recent cohort studies, including The Nurses Health study [24], The California Teachers Study [11], and a study from Norway [25] showed positive associations between smoking and breast cancer risk. At least two reports suggest smoking may preferentially increase the risk of estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer [24,26,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking and the risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers: an update

Ginsburg

Ghadirian

Lubiński

et al. 2008

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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Among women with a mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2, the risk of breast cancer is high, but it may be modified by exogenous and endogenous factors. There is concern that exposure to carcinogens in cigarette smoke may increase the risk of cancer in mutation carriers. We conducted a matched case-control study of 2,538 cases of breast cancer among women with a BRCA1 (n = 1,920) or a BRCA2 (n = 618) mutation. One non-affected mutation carrier control was selected for each case, matched on mutation, country of birth, and year of birth. Odds ratios were calculated using conditional logistic regression, adjusted for oral contraceptive use and parity. Ever-smoking was not associated with an increased breast cancer risk among BRCA1 carriers (OR = 1.09; 95% CI 0.95-1.24) or among BRCA2 carriers (OR = 0.81; 95% CI 0.63-1.05). The result did not differ when cases were restricted to women who completed the questionnaire within two years of diagnosis. A modest, but significant increase in risk was seen among BRCA1 carriers with a past history of smoking (OR = 1.27; 95% CI 1.06-1.50), but not among current smokers (OR = 0.95; 0.81-1.12). There appears to be no increase in the risk of breast cancer associated with current smoking in BRCA1 or BRCA2 carriers. There is a possibility of an increased risk of breast cancer among BRCA1 carriers associated with past smoking. There may be different effects of carcinogens in BRCA mutation carriers, depending upon the timing of exposure.

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Relation of smoking to breast cancer by estrogen receptor status

Cited by 47 publications

References 12 publications

Active smoking and risk of Luminal and Basal-like breast cancer subtypes in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study

Active smoking and risk of Luminal and Basal-like breast cancer subtypes in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study

Cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk in relation to joint estrogen and progesterone receptor status: a case-control study in Japan

Smoking and the risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers: an update

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