Relation of Structure to Function in Bacterial O‐antigens. Iv. Fractionation of the Components*†

Cundy, K R; Neale, Nancy L.; Nowotny, Alois; Radvany, Ruta; Thomas, Scott; Tripodi, D

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1966.tb52391.x

Cited by 72 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…After hydrolysis, the remaining endotoxin fractions consist of degraded polysaccharide as well as unknown amounts of degraded lipid. The lipid moiety, or "Lipid A," although resembling the phospholipid portion of the endotoxin molecule as it occurs in the bacterial cell wall, is degraded to the extent that a significant amount of its total long-chain fatty acid content is removed (19). In addition, lipid preparations may not be entirely free from intact cell wall lipopolysaccharide, since the hydrolytic methods investigated leave carbohydrate attached to the endotoxin molecule (19).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of bacterial products on synovial fibroblast function: hypermetabolic changes induced by endotoxin

Buckingham¹,

Castor²

1972

J. Clin. Invest.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of bacterial products on synovial fibroblast function: hypermetabolic changes induced by endotoxin

Buckingham¹,

Castor²

1972

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Five grams (dry weight) of each strain of V. parahaemolyticus described above were extracted using phenolwater [48], trichloroacetic acid [5], in a modified procedure [29] and saline-ether [35]. Extracts were concentrated in the cold to one-third volume with hydroscopic gel (Aquacide, I, Calbiochem, La Jolla, California) and lyophilized as above.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biologically active components (hemolysins) from selected strains of V.parahaemolyticus have been isolated which do not, however, account for the spectrum of gastroenteritis symptoms observed in clinical cases [12,17,19,25,28,29,31,36,50,51]. A single case of endotoxin shock and leg gangrene due to infections by V. parahaemolyticus following an attack of gastroenteritis has been demonstrated [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strains isolated from clinical specimens and displaying hemolysis on selected media (Kanagawa-phenomenon positive) are considered to be enteropathogenic [30,39,49], whereas nonhemolytic (Kanagawa-phenomenon negative) seafood or seawater isolates are generally considered non-enteropathogenic [19,37,38]. The problem is further complicated by the frequent isolation of several different serotypes of V. parahaemolyticus during an outbreak of food poisoning [7,8].Biologically active components (hemolysins) from selected strains of V.parahaemolyticus have been isolated which do not, however, account for the spectrum of gastroenteritis symptoms observed in clinical cases [12,17,19,25,28,29,31,36,50,51]. A single case of endotoxin shock and leg gangrene due to infections by V. parahaemolyticus following an attack of gastroenteritis has been demonstrated [36].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Tolerance and Other Biological Properties of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Endotoxins

Sochard

Colwell

1976

Japanese Journal of Microbiology

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Biological properties of endotoxins prepared from three strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were compared with reference to commercially prepared Salmonella typhi endotoxin. Endotoxin assays performed in rabbits included dermal Shwartzman reactivity, pyrogenicity, heat stability, and ability to induce tolerance as well as cross-tolerance.Mice were used for endotoxin LD50 determinations. Results showed V. parahaemolyticus endotoxins were similar to that of S.typhi strain 0901.Induction of tolerance to V. parahaemolyticus strain 11590 endotoxin resulted in complete cross-tolerance to S. typhi endotoxin, and vice versa. Partial cross-tolerance to S. typhi endotoxin was demonstrated with rabbits rendered tolerant to endotoxin from V. parahaemolyticus strains Sak-3 and FC 1011. Absorption spectra, nitrogen, phosphorus and carbohydrate analyses revealed additional similarities between endotoxins from V. parahaemolyticus and endotoxin from a member of the Enterobacteriaceae.Known in Japan for two decades as a causative agent of large outbreaks of seafoodassociated poisoning, Vibrio parahaemolyticus has recently been found associated with similar outbreaks in the U.S.A. [1,4,7,8,14,26,40,42,43], and other countries [2,3]. Nevertheless, the mode of pathogenesis of V. parahaemolyticus is poorly understood. Strains isolated from clinical specimens and displaying hemolysis on selected media (Kanagawa-phenomenon positive) are considered to be enteropathogenic [30,39,49], whereas nonhemolytic (Kanagawa-phenomenon negative) seafood or seawater isolates are generally considered non-enteropathogenic [19,37,38]. The problem is further complicated by the frequent isolation of several different serotypes of V. parahaemolyticus during an outbreak of food poisoning [7,8].Biologically active components (hemolysins) from selected strains of V.parahaemolyticus have been isolated which do not, however, account for the spectrum of gastroenteritis symptoms observed in clinical cases [12,17,19,25,28,29,31,36,50,51]. A single case of endotoxin shock and leg gangrene due to infections by V. parahaemolyticus following an attack of gastroenteritis has been demonstrated [36].Endotoxins from V.parahaemolyticus have not previously been studied, although some chemical analyses ofO antigens [44,45] and K antigens have been reported [32,33]. The purpose of this research was to study the biological properties of V.parahaemolyticus endotoxins and to determine if they are similar to endotoxins classically prepared from selected members of the Enterobacteriaceae, such as Salmonella typhi.

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“…Our LPS preparations, however, were sedimented by a similar treatment. NOWOTNY et al (32,33) demonstrated a marked heterogeneity of purified phenol-water extracted endotoxins of Serratia marcescens as revealed by ion-exchange column chromatography. The isolated fractions also showed heterogeneity in their biological activities.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Three Lpssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia Coli by a Hot Phenol Extraction

Okuda

Sato

Uchiyama³

et al. 1975

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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The extraction of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Escherichia coil 6234 was studied. It was found that approximately one-half of LPS was extracted with cold phenol-water without stirring (4-LPS). The remaining LPS was extracted with hot phenol-water with stirring (470-LPS). When the cells were extracted directly with hot phenol-water, all LPS was extracted in the aqueous layer (70-LPS). The three preparations were partially purified and their chemical compositions were examined. Marked differences in the chemical compositions were observed between the 4-LPS and 470-or 70-LPS. The 4-LPS was rich in fatty acids and hexosamine in lipid A moiety. The 470-and 70-LPSs showed similar chemical compositions. When the 4-LPS was treated with hot phenol-water, a partial degradation of the lipid A moiety was observed. These results were discussed with respect to the native state of LPS in the outer membrane of the envelope.Many methods have been developed for the extraction of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria (1, 2). One of the methods, which is widely used, is the hot phenol-water procedure yielding LPS in water phase (3,4). However, there are several reports on unexpected results. HICKMAN and ASH-WELL (5), KASAI and NOWOTNY (6), and RAFF and WHEAT (7) studied strains of Xanthomonas campestris, a heptoseless R mutant of Salmonella minnesota, and Citrobacter freundii, respectively, and found that the corresponding LPSs were obtained almost exclusively in phenol phase.WESTPHAL and JANN (3) isolated LPS in the aqueous phase by shaking bacteria in an emulsion of equal volumes of phenol and water at a low temperature (5-10°)

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Relation of Structure to Function in Bacterial O‐antigens. Iv. Fractionation of the Components*†

Cited by 72 publications

References 22 publications

The effect of bacterial products on synovial fibroblast function: hypermetabolic changes induced by endotoxin

The effect of bacterial products on synovial fibroblast function: hypermetabolic changes induced by endotoxin

Tolerance and Other Biological Properties of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Endotoxins

Degradation of Lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia Coli by a Hot Phenol Extraction

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