Relations Among Internalized Stigmatization, Depressive Symptom Frequency and Family Loading in First-degree Caregivers of the Patients Treated in the Psychiatry Clinic of a State Hospital

Gümüş, Funda; Dіkeç, Gül; Ergün, Gül

doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2017.05.003

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Similar results were shown in other studies investigating the selfstigma of the relatives of the patients with mental illnesses. Most of the studies presented a significant correlation between self-stigma and low self-esteem [20,31], hopelessness and depression [26][27][28]31], and higher caregiver burden [20,26,27]. In our study, especially the relation between self-stigma and family burden (r = 0.54) was explicit.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Self-stigma of the family members generally manifests itself as devaluation, feelings of insufficiency, social withdrawal, and concealment of the disease [9,11,23,25]. Stigma experience in family members is found to be significantly correlated with depression, suicidal thoughts, and higher caregiver burden [26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies conducted in Turkey revealed that family members of the patients experience self-stigma [27,29], and pointed out that self-stigma is significantly correlated with depression and caregiver burden [27]. Researchers in studies mentioned early used the selfstigma scales that were developed for the patients [30,31] by adapting them into relatives of the patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Self-Stigma Inventory for Families of the patients with schizophrenia (SSI-F): validity and reliability study

Yıldız

İncedere

Kiras

et al. 2018

Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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OBJECTIVE: It is known that relatives of the patients with schizophrenia tend to hide the illness from other people, are ashamed of their patients, and feel excluded from society. This situation is referred as self-stigmatization of families, and it may negatively affect the family functioning and therapeutic alliance. Assessing and evaluating the self-stigma of families are essential concerning family therapies and treatment of their patients. The purpose of this study is to develop a culturally sensitive inventory for the assessment of self-stigmatization for families of patients with schizophrenia in Turkey. METHODS: After examining the studies in the related field and conducting a focus group interview with the families of the patients with schizophrenia, a 19-item inventory was formed. One hundred and six relatives of the patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder were given a sociodemographic form, Self-Stigma Inventory for Families (SSI-F), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZCBS). Explanatory factor analysis and convergent validity were assessed as validity analysis, and internal consistency coefficient, item-total correlation, and test-retest reliability were calculated for reliability analysis. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 106 relatives whose 52% were female, 77% were married, mean age was 51 years, and level of education was 9 years. In explanatory factor analysis, three factors (social withdrawal, concealment of the illness, and perceived devaluation) with 14 items were detected, and the factors could explain 66.8% of the total variance. SSI-F was significantly correlated with Beck Depression Inventory (r = 0.48, P < 0.01), Beck Hopelessness Scale (r = 0.27, P < 0.01), Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (r = 0.54, P < 0.01), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (r = −0.35, P < 0.01). Cronbach's alpha coefficient for SSI-F total score was calculated as 0.88, and test-retest reliability coefficient of SSI-F was 0.93. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the SSI-F is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing self-stigmatization in the families of patients with schizophrenia. It can be considered as a valuable instrument to use for research and therapeutic purposes. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Self-Stigma Inventory for Families of the patients with schizophrenia (SSI-F): validity and reliability study

Yıldız

İncedere

Kiras

et al. 2018

Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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“…Ayrıca ruhsal bozukluğu olan birey ya da aileleri damgalanma ya da ayrımcılığa somut bir şekilde maruz kalmasalar da damgalanma endişesi yaşamaktadırlar. Aile bireylerinin yaşadığı bu damgalanma algısı ya da endişesi, anksiyete ve depresif belirtiler yaşamaya neden olarak ailelerin bakım yükünü arttırabilmektedir (10) . Ebeveynler yaşadıkları bu olumsuz duyguları ruhsal bozukluğu olan çocuklarına yönelttiklerinde, bu durum ruhsal bozukluğu olan bireyler için toplum tarafından dışlanma ya da damgalanmaktan daha da yıkıcı olabil-mektedir (7) .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Who Stigmatizes More? Adolescents with Mental Disorders or Their Parents?

Dіkeç¹,

Bilaç²,

Uzunoğlu³

2020

BUCH

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Çalışmaya katılan ergenler RHİDÖ ve ebeveynlerin ERHİDÖ toplam puan ve alt ölçek puan ortalamaları bakımından yabancılaşma alt ölçek puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanırken (p<0,05), toplam puan ve diğer alt ölçek puan ortalamaları bakımından gruplar arası anlamlı fark saptanmadı (p>0,05). Sonuç: Bu çalışmaya katılan ruhsal bozukluk tanısı alan ergenler ve ebeveynlerinin içselleştirilmiş damgalanma puanlarının benzer olduğu belirlendi. Çocuk ve ergenlerin tedaviye uyumlarını arttırmada hem ergenlerin hem de ebeveynlerinin içselleştirilmiş damgalanmalarını azaltabilecek psikososyal girişimler uygulanması önerilebilir.

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“…In studies with psychiatric patients, the most common diagnoses were reported to be affective disorder, anxiety and schizophrenia (Ozkan, Arguvanli, Sarac, & Medik, 2014). In addition, psychotic symptoms and noncompliance with treatment were found to intensify the disorder, prolong treatment time, increase the number of hospitalisations, add to the family's burden, intensify internalised stigma, and increase the frequency of depressive symptoms, number of rehospitalisations, morbidity and mortality, and also lead to professional and family-related problems (Cakir & ve Ozerdem, 2010;Gumus, Dikec, & Ergun, 2017;Jagannathan, Thirthalli, Hamza, Nagendra, & Gangadhar, 2014;Kousalya et al, 2012;Ustundag & Kesebir, 2013;Yazici et al, 2016). The term "severe mental disorder" is used in the literature for psychotic and affective disorders (Beyazyuz, Beyazyuz, Albayrak, Baykal, & Goka, 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the relationship between traumatic growth and psychological resilience in young adult children of parents with and without a mental disorder

Ergün

Gümüş

Dіkeç

2018

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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This study provides data on the characteristics of traumatic growth and psychological resilience levels of not only young adults whose parents have mental disorders but also young adults whose parents do not have mental disorders. In the light of this study's findings, psychiatric nurses may benefit from conducting early screening and intervention programmes to help increase the psychological resilience of young adults whose parents have mental disorders.

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Relations Among Internalized Stigmatization, Depressive Symptom Frequency and Family Loading in First-degree Caregivers of the Patients Treated in the Psychiatry Clinic of a State Hospital

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Development of Self-Stigma Inventory for Families of the patients with schizophrenia (SSI-F): validity and reliability study

Development of Self-Stigma Inventory for Families of the patients with schizophrenia (SSI-F): validity and reliability study

Who Stigmatizes More? Adolescents with Mental Disorders or Their Parents?

Examining the relationship between traumatic growth and psychological resilience in young adult children of parents with and without a mental disorder

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