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Rumah Tongkonan merupakan rumah adat Suku Toraja dari Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan yang mencoba bertahan hingga saat ini sebagai wujud kekayaan Arsitektur Nusantara. Meskipun begitu, rumah konstruksi kayu sudah mulai ditinggalkan karena diklaim tidak tahan lama dan tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan manusia modern. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tentang prinsip struktur, keberlanjutan, ketahanan, dan pemaknaan bangunan Rumah Tongkonan serta kaitannya terhadap lingkungan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan merupakan metode deskriptif-kualitatif melalui studi literatur dan analisis eksplorasi yang diharapkan mampu memperoleh pembuktian yang sulit didapat dari lapangan. Hasil dari analisis eksplorasi pada studi ini ditemukan bahwa, pertama, desain berwawasan lingkungan Rumah Tongkonan merupakan wujud respon arsitektural terhadap kondisi alam, iklim dan geografi di suatu daerah. Kedua, dari segi struktur dan konstruksi, struktur Tongkon pada Rumah Tongkonan menerapkan sistem konstruksi yang berkelanjutan dan memiliki ketahanan yang baik. Ketiga, rancangan berkelanjutan tidak hanya melalui bentuk fisik tetapi juga dari pemaknaan dalam Rumah Tongkonan melalui bahasa bentuk. Artikel ini menyimpulkan, karena keseluruhan prinsip desain arsitekturnya membuat rumah ini bertahan hingga kini maka Rumah Tongkonan masih relevan dan perlu diadaptasi serta dikembangkan dalam arsitektur kontemporer di Indonesia. Tongkonan is a traditional Toraja house from South Sulawesi that attempts to remain as an example of Archipelago (Nusantara) architecture. Nonetheless, due to concerns about longevity and compatibility with modern lives, timber-built houses have begun to be abandoned. The purpose of this research is to examine the Tongkonan building's structural principles, sustainability, resilience, significance, and relationship to the environment. The research methodologies included doing a descriptive-qualitative literature review and exploratory analysis to gather evidence that was difficult to get from the field survey. The findings revealed that, first and foremost, Tongkonan House's environmentally friendly design is a sort of architectural reaction to the site's natural circumstances, climate, and geography. Secondly, the Tongkon structure applied a sustainable construction system and was highly resilient in terms of structure and construction. Finally, in Tongkonan, sustainability is about physical form and meaning through the language of form. According to this report, the general architectural design principles have allowed this home to exist till now. Therefore, Tongkonan House is still relevant, and it has to be updated and improved in modern Indonesian architecture.
Rumah Tongkonan merupakan rumah adat Suku Toraja dari Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan yang mencoba bertahan hingga saat ini sebagai wujud kekayaan Arsitektur Nusantara. Meskipun begitu, rumah konstruksi kayu sudah mulai ditinggalkan karena diklaim tidak tahan lama dan tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan manusia modern. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tentang prinsip struktur, keberlanjutan, ketahanan, dan pemaknaan bangunan Rumah Tongkonan serta kaitannya terhadap lingkungan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan merupakan metode deskriptif-kualitatif melalui studi literatur dan analisis eksplorasi yang diharapkan mampu memperoleh pembuktian yang sulit didapat dari lapangan. Hasil dari analisis eksplorasi pada studi ini ditemukan bahwa, pertama, desain berwawasan lingkungan Rumah Tongkonan merupakan wujud respon arsitektural terhadap kondisi alam, iklim dan geografi di suatu daerah. Kedua, dari segi struktur dan konstruksi, struktur Tongkon pada Rumah Tongkonan menerapkan sistem konstruksi yang berkelanjutan dan memiliki ketahanan yang baik. Ketiga, rancangan berkelanjutan tidak hanya melalui bentuk fisik tetapi juga dari pemaknaan dalam Rumah Tongkonan melalui bahasa bentuk. Artikel ini menyimpulkan, karena keseluruhan prinsip desain arsitekturnya membuat rumah ini bertahan hingga kini maka Rumah Tongkonan masih relevan dan perlu diadaptasi serta dikembangkan dalam arsitektur kontemporer di Indonesia. Tongkonan is a traditional Toraja house from South Sulawesi that attempts to remain as an example of Archipelago (Nusantara) architecture. Nonetheless, due to concerns about longevity and compatibility with modern lives, timber-built houses have begun to be abandoned. The purpose of this research is to examine the Tongkonan building's structural principles, sustainability, resilience, significance, and relationship to the environment. The research methodologies included doing a descriptive-qualitative literature review and exploratory analysis to gather evidence that was difficult to get from the field survey. The findings revealed that, first and foremost, Tongkonan House's environmentally friendly design is a sort of architectural reaction to the site's natural circumstances, climate, and geography. Secondly, the Tongkon structure applied a sustainable construction system and was highly resilient in terms of structure and construction. Finally, in Tongkonan, sustainability is about physical form and meaning through the language of form. According to this report, the general architectural design principles have allowed this home to exist till now. Therefore, Tongkonan House is still relevant, and it has to be updated and improved in modern Indonesian architecture.
Architecture has a role in and responsibility for environmental management. The construction of buildings, installation of foundations, and paving of land result in the ground being unable to “breathe”; likewise, the materials selected for construction influence the surrounding environment. Over time, this situation has been exacerbated by climate change. In this situation, sustainable architecture and environmentally friendly construction are necessary. Built environments must respond to and appreciate their natural world through designs that respect their environment and rely on sustainable energy. This approach will create balance and harmony between built environments and their natural contexts. In developing sustainable architecture, we can learn from local wisdom and borrow from traditional architecture. The traditional architecture of the Indonesian Archipelago is diverse, being designed for varied environmental conditions. However, all traditional Indonesian approaches to architecture have the same approach: responding to and respecting nature. In their form and realization, the traditional architectures of Indonesia are adapted to their specific sites and social systems. Sustainable architecture, thus, can be understood as characteristic of local wisdom. This chapter will discuss the shape and form of Indonesian buildings within the context of sustainable architecture.
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