Relationship between Atrophy of the Medial Temporal Areas and Cognitive Functions in Elderly Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Shimada, Hiroyuki; Kato, Takashi; Ito, Kengo; Makizako, Hyuma; Doi, Takehiko; Yoshida, Daisuke; Shimokata, Hiroshi; Washimi, Yukihiko; Endo, Hideki; Suzuki, Takao

doi:10.1159/000334845

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…Similar results were observed in several earlier studies in healthy older adults [48–54] and older adults with MCI [54–57]. Nevertheless, other studies in healthy older adults observed associations between aerobic fitness and aspects of executive function [52], memory [49] and between dynamic balance and general cognitive function [48], or executive function [48, 58].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Does the diurnal cycle of cortisol explain the relationship between physical performance and cognitive function in older adults?

Dijckmans

Tortosa-Martínez

Caus

et al. 2017

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

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Background: Regular physical activity is a promising strategy to treat and prevent cognitive decline. The mechanisms that mediate these benefits are not fully clear but physical activity is thought to attenuate the harmful effects of chronic psychological stress and hypercortisolism on cognition. However, the circadian pattern of cortisol secretion is complex and it is not known which aspects are most closely associated with increased cognitive function and better physical performance. This is the first study to simultaneously measure cognitive function, the diurnal cycle of salivary cortisol and physical performance in older adults, without cognitive impairment (n = 30) and with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) (n = 30). Results: Regression analysis showed that better cognitive function was associated with better physical performance. A greater variance in cortisol levels across the day from morning to evening was associated with better cognitive function and physical performance. Conclusions:The results support the idea that a more dynamic cortisol secretion pattern is associated with better cognitive function and physical performance even in the presence of cognitive impairment, but our results could not confirm a mediating role in this relationship.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Does the diurnal cycle of cortisol explain the relationship between physical performance and cognitive function in older adults?

Dijckmans

Tortosa-Martínez

Caus

et al. 2017

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

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“…According to the findings of Silveri et al (2007), lower scores on selective attention tasks in patients with MCI predict the development of dementia later in life. Similarly, Shimada et al (2012) have found attention tasks to be useful predictors of atrophy in the medial temporal lobe and entorhinal cortex. Some studies have even proposed a so-called anatomo-functional syndrome in AD, hypothesizing that deficits in attention may lead to memory problems, corroborating the notion of a common deficient mechanism in MCI (Silveri et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Neural Correlates of Unsuccessful Memory Performance in MCI

Chechko

Drexler

Voß

et al. 2014

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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People with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are at an elevated risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease or other forms of dementia. Although the neural correlates of successful memory performance in MCI have been widely investigated, the neural mechanisms involved in unsuccessful memory performance remain unknown. The current study examines the differences between patients suffering from stable amnestic MCI with multiple deficit syndromes and healthy elderly controls in relation to the neural correlates of both successful and unsuccessful encoding and recognition. Forty-six subjects (27 controls, 19 MCI) from the HelMA (Helmholtz Alliance for Mental Health in an Aging Society) completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and participated in an fMRI experiment for associative face-name memory. In patients, the areas of frontal, parietal, and temporal cortices were less involved during unsuccessful encoding and recognition. A temporary dysfunction of the top-down control of frontal or parietal (or both) areas is likely to result in a non-selective propagation of task-related information to memory.

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“…The process of consolidation is mediated by the medial temporal cortex, an area known to be negatively affected early in AD (Kramer & Miller, 2000) and aMCI (Dudai, 2004; Manes et al, 2008; Masdeu, Zubieta, & Arbizu, 2005; Squire & Alvarez, 1995). Atrophy within the medial temporal lobe (with entorhinal cortex) in MCI is associated with rapid forgetting (within 30 minutes) of a learned story (Shimada et al, 2012). How long the medial temporal lobe remains involved in the memory consolidation and retrieval process remains a point of debate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory consolidation in aging and MCI after 1 week.

et al. 2014

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Objective To assess consolidation in amnestic mild cognitive (aMCI) impairment, controlling for differences in initial learning and using a protracted delay period for recall. Methods Fifteen individuals with MCI were compared to fifteen healthy older adult controls on a story learning task. Subjects were trained to criteria to equalize initial learning across subjects. Recall was tested at both the 30-minute typically used delay and a 1-week delay used to target consolidation. Results Using repeated measures ANOVAs adjusted for age, we found group × time point interactions across the entire task between the final trial and 30-minute delay, and again between the 30-minute and 1-week delay periods, with MCI having greater declines in recall as compared to controls. Significant group main effects were also found, with MCI recalling less than controls. Conclusion Consolidation was impaired in aMCI as compared to controls. Our findings indicate that MCI-related performance typically measured at 30 minutes underestimates MCI-associated memory deficits. This is the first study to isolate consolidation by controlling for initial learning differences and using a protracted delay period to target consolidation in an MCI sample.

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Relationship between Atrophy of the Medial Temporal Areas and Cognitive Functions in Elderly Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Cited by 8 publications

References 135 publications

Does the diurnal cycle of cortisol explain the relationship between physical performance and cognitive function in older adults?

Does the diurnal cycle of cortisol explain the relationship between physical performance and cognitive function in older adults?

Neural Correlates of Unsuccessful Memory Performance in MCI

Memory consolidation in aging and MCI after 1 week.

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