Relationship Between C<sub>4</sub>Biomass and C<sub>4</sub>Agriculture During the Holocene and its Implications for Millet Domestication in Northeast China

Wang, Jian; Xiao-hong, Zhou; Xu, Hai; Liu, Junchi; Yang, Qingyun; Zhao, Changsui; Gao, Qiang; Zhao, Keliang; Behling, Hermann; Li, Xiaoqiang

doi:10.1029/2020gl089566

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…For example, millet cultivation nearly vanished in northeastern China while rapidly expanding in the Yellow River Basin during 5.5–4.0 ka, and it reappeared and spread again in northeastern China after 4.0 ka. 66 , 67 , 68 In summary, a southward displacement of 150-mm isohyets during 5–4 ka likely placed a large portion of cultural sites under conditions of drastically reduced vegetation productivity. Subsequent cultures, such as Xiaoheyan culture, were significantly smaller in scale and displayed manufactural techniques compared to the Hongshan culture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sahara’s surface transformation forced an abrupt hydroclimate decline and Neolithic culture transition in northern China

Hou,

Long,

Tsukamoto

et al. 2024

The Innovation

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sahara’s surface transformation forced an abrupt hydroclimate decline and Neolithic culture transition in northern China

Hou,

Long,

Tsukamoto

et al. 2024

The Innovation

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“…Paleofire datasets include a black carbon concentration records from Tianchi lake ( Pang et al., 2021 ) adjacent to the DBSL and a fire frequency records based on charcoal records from GST peatlands ( Meng et al., 2020 ) close to the SYP. Human activity records were based on the density of archaeological radiocarbon ages in northeast China ( Wang et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle to late Holocene plant cover variation in relation to climate, fire, and human activity in the Songnen grasslands of northeastern China

Niu

Marquer²,

Sack³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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IntroductionFor future vegetation projections and conservation planning in grassland ecosystems, accurate estimates of past plant cover changes in grassland composition and their responses to the various driving factors are essential. This study quantitatively reconstructs the past regional plant cover in the Songnen grasslands (northeastern China) and explores the relative importance of climate, fire, and human activity on vegetation dynamics.MethodsFor this purpose, the Regional Estimates of Vegetation Abundance from Large Sites (REVEALS) model is applied to three pollen records from two areas, two in the center of the Songnen grasslands and one located in an area marginal to the grasslands.ResultsResults from the most reliable REVEALS scenarios show that from the mid-Holocene, steppe (mean cover 40.6%) and dry steppe (mean cover 54.2%) alternately dominated the central part of the Songnen grasslands while the marginal grasslands were mainly characterized by alternating broadleaved forests (mean cover 26.3%), coniferous forests (mean cover 41.9%) and dry steppes (mean cover 30.1%).DiscussionBy comparing the plant cover results with previous published regional climate, fire and human activity records, the results show that long term vegetation dynamics were mainly driven by East Asia Summer Monsoon (EASM) and the related precipitation variations, but was also affected by fire frequency and human activity. Moreover, vegetation evolution was sensitive to abrupt cooling events including the 4.2 ka BP and stacked ice-rafted debris (IRD) events; the change from steppe to dry steppe, for example, was driven by these abrupt climate changes. Fire events can alter the original vegetation stability allowing the vegetation to respond rapidly to climate changes while human activity merely has limited influence on vegetation changes.

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“…One way to explore the answer to this question is to use archaeobotany to understand cropping patterns in prehistory, which in many ways act as a bridge between climatic processes and ancient societal changes (Mercuri, 2008 ; Zeder, 2008 ; Chen et al, 2015b ; Jia et al, 2016 ; Pokharia et al, 2017 ; Wang et al, 2021 ). After crops were first domesticated, people transported them all around the world (Jones et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “2.8 ka BP Cold Event” Indirectly Influenced the Agricultural Exploitation During the Late Zhou Dynasty in the Coastal Areas of the Jianghuai Region

et al. 2022

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As a global cooling event, many of the climatic and socio-cultural mechanisms that resulted in changes after the 2. 8 ka BP event remain unclear. In China, this period roughly corresponds with the Zhou Dynasty (1046-212 BC), a critical period when ancient Chinese civilization was experiencing significant cultural and technological changes, including the movement of people to modern-day Jiangsu Province, where they intensively used the natural resources found in this the coastal area. Recent archaeobotanical evidence, and two radiocarbon dates on wheat and foxtail millet, indicate that the Datongpu site, which dates around 2,600 cal a BP, was occupied during this period of transition around the 2.8 ka BP climate event. In total, our investigations recovered 3,399 carbonized seeds from seventy-four flotation samples, of which rice, foxtail millet, broomcorn millet, and wheat seeds where predominant along with 2,296 weed seeds. Additionally, we identified several rice spikelets and wheat rachises. The high number of carbonized rice grains indicates that rice farming was the primary crop in an otherwise mixed rice-dry farming system at Datongpu. In addition, we argue that the “2.8 ka BP cold event” probably influenced population growth and caused food shortages throughout Central China, leading people to migrate southeastward along the Huai River to the coastal areas of Jianghuai Region. We argue that this abrupt shift in the climate indirectly facilitated the exploitation and emergence of large-scale agriculture in this area. Our study provides an example for the indirect impact of climate change in areas with relatively favorable climate conditions.

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Relationship Between C₄Biomass and C₄Agriculture During the Holocene and its Implications for Millet Domestication in Northeast China

Abstract: The origin and propagation of agriculture not only promoted human socioeconomic development but also fundamentally changed the role of humans in Earth's ecosystems (

Cited by 9 publications

References 62 publications

Sahara’s surface transformation forced an abrupt hydroclimate decline and Neolithic culture transition in northern China

Sahara’s surface transformation forced an abrupt hydroclimate decline and Neolithic culture transition in northern China

Middle to late Holocene plant cover variation in relation to climate, fire, and human activity in the Songnen grasslands of northeastern China

The “2.8 ka BP Cold Event” Indirectly Influenced the Agricultural Exploitation During the Late Zhou Dynasty in the Coastal Areas of the Jianghuai Region

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Relationship Between C4Biomass and C4Agriculture During the Holocene and its Implications for Millet Domestication in Northeast China

Abstract: The origin and propagation of agriculture not only promoted human socioeconomic development but also fundamentally changed the role of humans in Earth's ecosystems (

Cited by 9 publications

References 62 publications

Sahara’s surface transformation forced an abrupt hydroclimate decline and Neolithic culture transition in northern China

Sahara’s surface transformation forced an abrupt hydroclimate decline and Neolithic culture transition in northern China

Middle to late Holocene plant cover variation in relation to climate, fire, and human activity in the Songnen grasslands of northeastern China

The “2.8 ka BP Cold Event” Indirectly Influenced the Agricultural Exploitation During the Late Zhou Dynasty in the Coastal Areas of the Jianghuai Region

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Relationship Between C₄Biomass and C₄Agriculture During the Holocene and its Implications for Millet Domestication in Northeast China