Relationship Between Endodormancy and Cold Hardiness in Grapevine Buds

Abstract

Artículo de publicación ISIEndodormancy (ED) and cold hardiness (CH) are two strategies utilized by grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) buds to survive unfavorable winter conditions. Each phenomenon is triggered by different environmental cues—ED by short-day (SD) photoperiod and cold hardiness (CH) by low temperatures. In grapevine buds, CH occurs mainly via the supercooling of intracellular water, a phenomenon associated with the low temperature exotherm (LTE). The seasonal dynamics of ED and CH were studied on grapevines buds by determining the BR50 (time required to reach 50 % of bud break under forced conditions) and the LTE, which measure the depth of ED and the level of CH, respectively. Overlapping BR50 and LTE curves revealed that CH began to develop in late April, when buds were fully endodormant and daily mean temperatures had started to drop below 14 C, suggesting that ED is a prerequisite for the acquisition of full CH. Increase in starch content and thickening of the cell wall (CW) of meristematic cells which occurs in dormant buds could be involved in structural and metabolic changes that favor CH subsequent acquisition. Interestingly, the thickening of the CW and the synthesis of starch which are associated with ED were induced by a SD-photoperiod, while the hydrolysis of starch, the accumulation of soluble sugars, and the upregulation of dehydrin genes, which are associated with CH, were induced by low temperatures. Overall, the results indicate that structural, metabolic, and transcriptional changes that occur during ED in grapevine buds are necessary for the further development of CH.FONDECYT Project 114031

Kinetics of winter deacclimation in response to temperature determines dormancy status and explains budbreak in differentVitisspecies

“…It is possible that the accuracy of models for prediction of budbreak may be increased if they are attached to predictions of cold hardiness and deacclimation kinetics. Rubio, Dantas, Bressan-Smith, & Pérez (2016) reported both LTE and time to 50% budbreak for V. vinifera ‘Thompson Seedless’, which appear to be positively correlated in the acclimation period. Although the authors did not report chill accumulation, it is clear that cold hardiness increases (more negative LTEs) and days to budbreak decreases once daily mean temperatures below 15 °C start consistently occurring (May – Southern hemisphere).…”

Caracterización de la latencia invernal de cepas antiguas de vid (Vitis vinifera L.) País, Gros Colman y Torrontés Riojano, establecidas en el desierto de Atacama, Chile

“…El aumento de la brotación se debería al efecto del frío sobre procesos internos en las yemas como, por ejemplo, el flujo de carbohidratos solubles desde el tallo hacia el primordio (Marquat et al, 1999;Bonhomme et al, 2005). Durante la endolatencia se ha propuesto que se produce la hidrólisis del almidón y la oxidación del sorbitol los cuales dan origen a glucosa y fructosa, respectivamente; esto ocasiona la acumulación de sacarosa (Marquat et al, 1999;Ben Mohamed et al, 2010;Rubio et al, 2014;Rubio et al, 2016), como fuente de carbono, debido a la baja absorción en ese momento, lo que permite disponer de carbohidratos solubles para la brotación (Ben Mohamed et al, 2012).…”

Time-to-event analysis to evaluate dormancy status of single-bud cuttings: an example for grapevines

“…During the subsequent period; endodormancy, development and growth are controlled by the perception within the bud of an environmental signal. Structures in this state are incapable of growth and development even if the external physiological signals are removed and returned to growth-promoting conditions [ 2 , 3 ]. Endodormant buds avoid budbreak in response to a transient warming time during late autumn and the subsequent potential damage due to frost.…”

“…Endodormant buds avoid budbreak in response to a transient warming time during late autumn and the subsequent potential damage due to frost. Also, endodormancy is part of the process by which buds adapt to winter conditions and it is a prerequisite for the subsequent acquisition of full cold hardiness [ 3 , 4 ]. Therefore, endodormancy starts early in autumn prior to leaf senescence [ 3 , 5 ].…”

“…Also, endodormancy is part of the process by which buds adapt to winter conditions and it is a prerequisite for the subsequent acquisition of full cold hardiness [ 3 , 4 ]. Therefore, endodormancy starts early in autumn prior to leaf senescence [ 3 , 5 ]. When endodormancy is released, there is a transition to ecodormancy, which is the period preceding budbreak when growth is prevented by one or more environmental factors that are not conducive to growth, but growth is resumed when conditions become favorable again [ 2 ].…”