Relationship between flat foot condition and gait pattern alterations in children with <scp>D</scp>own syndrome

Galli, Manuela; Cimolin, Verônica; Pau, Massimiliano; Costici, Pier Francesco; Albertini, G.

doi:10.1111/jir.12007

Cited by 47 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…All studies reported measures of variability and intention to treat analysis; more than 85% reported follow-up and intra-group analysis. The therapists were not blind in any study, while two of the studies reported blinding of the participants 14,35) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait and postural control patterns and rehabilitation in Down syndrome: a systematic review

Zago

Duarte

Grecco³

et al. 2020

J Phys Ther Sci

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To describe (1) the current knowledge on gait and postural control in individuals with Down syndrome in terms of spatiotemporal, kinematics and kinetics, and (2) relevant rehabilitation strategies. [Methods] Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials published between January 1997 and October 2019 were selected by searching four scientific databases. We included studies on patients with Down syndrome involving gait analysis or postural control. A custom data-extraction and appraisal form was developed to collect the key features of each article. The PEDro Scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies. [Results] A total of 37 out of 146 cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were included in the review. The main abnormalities included: reduction of gait velocity and step length, poor static balance with increased anteroposterior and mediolateral oscillations and a larger step width. [Conclusion] A number of compensatory patterns during movement was observed, with a direct influence on improvements in stability and postural control throughout daily life. Intensive gait training at an early age appears to produce long-term improvements in this population. Future research should focus on the interaction between the motor and cognitive function, and on the functional effects due to the exposure to an enriched environment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait and postural control patterns and rehabilitation in Down syndrome: a systematic review

Zago

Duarte

Grecco³

et al. 2020

J Phys Ther Sci

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“…Other musculoskeletal abnormalities include dislocation/subluxation of the patella, deformities such as genu valgum, pes planus, metatarsus primus varus, and scoliosis (Diamond et al, ; Yam et al, ), all of which have been attributed to ligament laxity (Galli et al, ). In addition, brachycephaly, brachydactyly, wide hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, increased web space between the great and second toes, and short stature have been documented as possible morphological changes (Roizen and Patterson, ).…”

Section: Clinical Features Of Dsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Down syndrome—A narrative review with a focus on anatomical features

Arumugam

Raja²,

Venugopalan³

et al. 2015

Clinical Anatomy

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Down syndrome (DS) is the most common aneuploidy of chromosome 21, characterized by the presence of an extra copy of that chromosome (trisomy 21). Children with DS present with an abnormal phenotype, which is attributed to a loss of genetic balance or an excess dose of chromosome 21 genes. In recent years, advances in prenatal screening and diagnostic tests have aided in the early diagnosis and appropriate management of fetuses with DS. A myriad of clinical symptoms resulting from cognitive, physical, and physiological impairments caused by aberrations in various systems of the body occur in DS. However, despite these impairments, which range from trivial to fatal manifestations, the survival rate of individuals with DS has increased dramatically from less than 50% during the mid-1990s to 95% in the early 2000s, with a median life expectancy of 60 years reported recently. The aim of this narrative review is to review and summarize the etiopathology, prenatal screening and diagnostic tests, prognosis, clinical manifestations in various body systems, and comorbidities associated with DS. Clin. Anat. 29:568-577, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…DS is primarily characterised by variable intellectual disability, distinct facial phenotype, short stature, generalised joint laxity and hypotonia [2,3]. Physical disability is an additional problem in people with DS and manifests as reduced physical fitness [4], reduced lower limb muscle strength [5], less functional gait patterns [6] and gait instability [7]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of foot structure and footwear fit with disability in children and adolescents with Down syndrome

Lim

Shields

Nikolopoulos

et al. 2015

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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BackgroundFoot deformity, flat feet, and the use of ill-fitting footwear are common in children and adolescents with Down syndrome (DS). The aim of this study was to determine whether these observations are associated with foot-specific disability in this group.MethodsA cross-sectional study design. Foot structure (foot posture determined using the Arch Index, presence of hallux valgus and lesser toe deformities) and footwear fit (determined by length and width percentage differences between the participant’s foot and footwear) were assessed in 50 participants with DS (22 females, 28 males) aged five to 18 with a mean (SD) age of 10.6 (3.9) years. Foot-specific disability was determined using the parent-reported Oxford Ankle Foot Questionnaire for Children (OxAFQ-C). Associations between foot structure and footwear fit with the four domains (Physical, School and play, Emotional and Footwear) of the OxAFQ-C were determined using multivariate regression modelling.ResultsThe mean (SD) Arch Index was 0.29 (0.08), and the prevalence of flat feet, hallux valgus and lesser toe deformities was 76%, 10% and 12% respectively. Few participants wore footwear that was too short (10%), but the use of footwear that was too narrow was common (58%). The presence of hallux valgus was significantly associated with increased disability for the OxAFQ-C School and play domain scores. The use of narrow-fitting footwear was significantly associated with increased levels of disability for the OxAFQ-C Physical, School and play, and Emotional domains. However, these variables only explained between 10% to 14% of the variance in the OxAFQ-C domain scores. There were no significant associations between foot structure and footwear fit with the OxAFQ-C Footwear domain scores.ConclusionsFlatter feet and lesser toe deformities are not associated with foot-specific disability in children and adolescents with DS. Hallux valgus is associated with foot-specific disability during school and play activities. Ill-fitting footwear (too narrow) is common and is associated with foot-specific disability. Further research is required to identify if the relationship between narrow-fitting footwear and foot-specific disability is causal, and to identify other factors associated with foot-specific disability in children and adolescents with DS.

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Relationship between flat foot condition and gait pattern alterations in children with Down syndrome

Cited by 47 publications

References 29 publications

Gait and postural control patterns and rehabilitation in Down syndrome: a systematic review

Gait and postural control patterns and rehabilitation in Down syndrome: a systematic review

Down syndrome—A narrative review with a focus on anatomical features

The association of foot structure and footwear fit with disability in children and adolescents with Down syndrome

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